Radiography Test #3

Front 1

Define Radiation Quality (wavelength)

Back 1

The mean energy or penetrating ability of the x-ray beam

Front 2

What is Quality controlled by? *

Back 2

Kilovoltage

Front 3

Define voltage

Back 3

measurement of force

Front 4

When the speed of electrons is increasing the electrons strike the target with greater ____ and _____, resulting in a penetrating x-ray beam with a ______ wavelength..

Back 4

force & energy. short wavelength

Front 5

voltage is measured in

Back 5

Volts or kilovolts

Front 6

Volt is:

Back 6

a unit of measurement used to describe the potential that drives an electrical current through a circuit

Front 7

1 kilovolt equals

Back 7

1000 volts

Front 8

Kilovoltage Peak (kVp):

Back 8

the maximum or peak voltage

Front 9

of the ____% of energy that is converted to x-rays, even less actually penetrate.

Back 9

1%

Front 10

Machines with 70kVp or more have

Back 10

2.5mm of Al

Front 11

Filtration

Back 11

removes the low energy x-rays

Front 12

In order to optimize the quality of x-rays and minimize the potential for tissue damage...

Back 12

the low energy x-rays must be removed

Front 13

The kVp regulates the speed and energy (quality) of the eletrons and determines

Back 13

the penetrating ability of the x-ray beam

Front 14

When kVp is increased a higher energy x-ray beam with _____ penetrating abillity results

Back 14

INCREASED

Front 15

What is the overall darkness or blackness of the film?

Back 15

Density

Front 16

When the kVp is INCREASED the film exhibits an INCREASED density and appears

Back 16

DARKER

Front 17

When the kVp is DECREASED the film exhibits a DECREASED density and appears

Back 17

LIGHTER

Front 18

High density areas:

Back 18

Will stop x-rays completely; appear white on x-ray film (restorations)

Front 19

Medium density areas:

Back 19

Partially block the x-ray; appear as shades of gray (bone,dentin)

Front 20

Low density areas:

Back 20

Allow x-rays to pass thru completely; appear black on the film (soft tissues, dental pulp)

Front 21

Contrast*

Back 21

How sharply light and dark areas are differentiated in an image

Front 22

A HIGH contrast image (produced by a LOW kVp) has distinct...

Back 22

black and white areas with few shades of grey. Good for detecting dental caries

Front 23

a LOW contrast image is produced from a HIGH kVp setting and the resulting film will have...

Back 23

MANY shades of gray. Good for detection of periodontal disease.

Front 24

Exposure Time:

Back 24

Interval of time during which x-rays are produced.

Front 25

TF Exposure time and kVp are inversely related

Back 25

TRUE

Front 26

What is the kilovoltage peak rule

Back 26

When kVp is increased by 15, exposure time should be decreasing by 1/2.
Conversely when kVP is decreasing by 15, the exposure time should be doubled.

Front 27

X-ray beam quantitiy:

Back 27

the number of x-rays produced

Front 28

Ampere:

Back 28

Unit of measure that describes the number of electrons

Front 29

Milliampere (mA)

Back 29

equal to 1/1000 of an ampere

Front 30

Milliamperage:

Back 30

Regulates the temperature of the cathode filament (temperature required to initiate release of electrons from the filament)

Front 31

Milliampere: Seconds (mAs):

Back 31

both mA and exposure time have a direct influence on the number of electrons produced.

Front 32

When mA is increased the exposure time must be ...

Back 32

Decreased. and vice versa

Front 33

Density and mA*: an INCREASE in mA_______ the density of the radiograph (darker image)

Back 33

INCREASES

Front 34

Exposure time and mA*:

Back 34

Inversely related

Front 35

Intensity:

Back 35

the product of the quantity (number of x-rays) and quality (energy of wavelength of the x-ray) per unit of area per unit exposure rate.

Front 36

Target-surface distance:

Back 36

from source of radiation to the patient's skin

Front 37

Target-object distance:

Back 37

The source of radiation to the tooth (object)

Front 38

Target-film distance:

Back 38

from the source of radiation to the film

Front 39

T/F as x-rays travel they diverge like waves of light and spread out to cover a large surface area

Back 39

TRUE

Front 40

****Inverse square Law:

Back 40

The intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of radiation

Front 41

*Frequency and wavelength are ____ related

Back 41

Inversely. The increase the frequency, the shorter wavelength and vice versa. (Decrease frequency, longer wavelength)

Front 42

Radiolucent:

Back 42

Portion of a processed radiograph that is dark or black

-An area that appears radiolucent (dark) on a radiograph lacks density EX. air space, soft tissue.

Front 43

Radiopaque:

Back 43

portion of a processed radiograph that appears light or white

-Structures that appear radiopaque (light) are dense and absorb or resist the passage of x-rays

Front 44

Density:

Back 44

Overall blackness or darkness of a radiograph

Front 45

mA:

kvP:
Exposure time:

Back 45

Increasing= dark

Increasing= dark
increasing=dark :)

Front 46

contrast:

Back 46

the difference in the degrees of blackness

Front 47

Film contrast:

Back 47

The contrast range that the film can provide, can be altered by developing techniques

Front 48

subject contrast:

Back 48

characteristics of the subject being radiographed, deteremined by the following:

-Thickness, density and composition

Front 49

Influencing factors

Back 49

kVp: by increasing the kVp you create x-rays with higher energy and penetrating power (through the tissues)

Front 50

T/F if you increase the kVp too much you get overall blackness and no contrast

Back 50

TRUE

Front 51

Short-Scale Contrast:

Back 51

shows only two densities (black/white)
Results from a lower kVp

Is described as having high contrast

Front 52

Larger focal spot=
Smaller the focal spot=

Back 52

Larger=greater amount of penumbra
smaller= the sharper the image

Front 53

Long-scale contrast:

Back 53

a dental radiograph that exhibits many densities, or many shades of gray.
low contrast, areas of gray aren't distinguished from each other.

Front 54

Stepwedge:

Back 54

used to demonstrate short-scale contrast and long-scale contrast.

Front 55

what is a stepwedge made of

Back 55

Uniform-layered thicknesses.

Front 56

What three geometric characteristics of the radiographic images influence the diagnostic quality of a dental radiograph

Back 56

Sharpness, Magnification, and Distortion

Front 57

Sharpness refers to

Back 57

the capability of the receptor to reproduce the distinct outlines of an object.
(how well the smallest details of an object are reproduced on a dental radiograph)

Front 58

Penumbra means

Back 58

the unsharpness, or blurring, of the edges of a radiographic image

Front 59

What is the sharpness of an image influenced by

Back 59

Focal Spot size
film composition

movement

Front 60

Magnification refers to

Back 60

A radiographic image that appears larger than the actual size of the object it represents.
Results from the divergent paths of the x-ray beam.

Front 61

Distortion is

Back 61

a variation in the true size and shape of the object being radiographed.

Front 62

Object-Film alingment: to minimize dimensional distortion, the object and receptor must be _____ to each other.

Back 62

Parallel

Front 63

X-ray beam angulation: to minimize dimensional distortion, the x-ray beam must be directed _____ to the tooth and the receptor

Back 63

Perpendicular

Front 64

Why use film mounts

Back 64

-easier viewed

-easier to interpret

-easy storage

-decrease handling

Front 65

The size of the film mount should correspond to the size of the

Back 65

viewbox

Front 66

what info should be recorded on the film mount

Back 66

Name of patient
Date
Dentist's name
Radiographer's name (optional)

Front 67

What are the 2 mounting methods?

Back 67

Labial and Lingual

Front 68

Labial:

Back 68

Raised (convex) dot is towards the viewer, and viewed as if looking directly at the patient (preferred method)

Front 69

Lingual:

Back 69

Depressed dot is mounted away from the viewer. As if looking from inside the pt. mouth.

Front 70

It is the responsibility of the ____ to establish a FINAL interpretation and diagnosis

Back 70

Dentist