Radiography Of The Ankle, Knee And Lower Leg

Front 1

What type of joint is the Ankle joint?

Back 1

Synovial, hinge joint

Front 2

What movement does the ankle joint allow?

Back 2

Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion and a small amount of rotation (abduction/adduction) when in plantar flexion

Front 3

Which articulations form the ankle joint?

Back 3

Trochlear (superior) surface of the talus with the lateral malleolus, medial malleolus and with the tibia

Front 4

Medial and laterlal condyles of the Tibia

Back 4

2 prominent processes on superior surface forms 2 smooth facets with articulate with the condyles of the femur

Front 5

Tibial Plateau

Back 5

Medial and lateral sides. Entire superior surface of tibia on top of condyles

Front 6

Tibial spines (tibial eminences)

Back 6

Sharp projection on tibial plateau between 2 facets containing 2 beak-like processes called tubercles (medial and lateral)

Front 7

Tibial tuberosity

Back 7

Prominent process on anterior surface just below condyles for insertion of patella ligament

Front 8

Tibial crest (shin)

Back 8

Vertical ridge along anterior surface

Front 9

Medial surface of the distal tibia.

Back 9

Prolonged into large process called medial malleolus

Front 10

Lateral surface of the distal tibia.

Back 10

Flattened and presents triangular depression for articulation of distal fibula (distal tibiofibular joint)

Front 11

Inferior surface of the distal tibia.

Back 11

Articulates with superior (trochlear) surface of the talus to form talotibial articulation

Front 12

Fibula

Back 12

Non-weight bearing, lateral, slender bone of the lower leg. Aids in ankle movement

Front 13

Head of the fibula

Back 13

Expanded proximal end, articulates with tibia

Front 14

Styloid process (apex) of the fibula.

Back 14

Pointed proximal end, most superior part of the fibula

Front 15

Lateral malleolus

Back 15

Enlarged distal end of the fibula, articulates with the talus.

Front 16

When the femur is vertical, the _________ condyle is lower than the _________ condyle.

Back 16

Medial condyle is lower than the lateral condyle.

Front 17

How much and which way does the femur slant?

Back 17

Medially, 5 to 15 degrees

Front 18

Of the medial and lateral condyles at the distal end of the femur, which is the largest?

Back 18

Medial condyle

Front 19

Located on the posterolateral aspect of the medial condyle.

Back 19

Adductor tubercle

Front 20

Popliteal surface

Back 20

Triangular area superior to the intercondylar fossa on the posterior femur

Front 21

Fabella

Back 21

A sesamoid bone found in 3-5% of people located on the posterior area of the knee, between the condyles - seen only on the lateral projection of the knee.

Front 22

2 fibrocartilage disks found in the knee joint.

Back 22

Lateral and medial meniscus

Front 23

Distal tibiofibular joint (movement type)

Back 23

Syndesmosis - allows slight movement

Front 24

The proximal tibiofibular joint is best demonstrated on what views?

Back 24

Medial oblique of the leg or the knee

Front 25

Proximal tibiofibular joint -

Back 25

Head of fibula with later condyle of tibia - diarthrotic (freely moveable) gliding, sliding movement

Front 26

Patellofemoral joint

Back 26

When knee is flexed - patella is synovial gliding joint (locked in place at patellar surface)
When knee is extended - is freely moveable

Front 27

Femorotibial articulation (Knee joint)

Back 27

Condyles of femur with tibial plateau -
synovial modified joint: hinge, flexion/extension, some lateral rotation when in flexed position.

Front 28

Talotibial joint

Back 28

Talus with inferior surface and medial malleolus of the tibia
Diarthrotic (freely moveable): Hinge type, dorsiflexion & plantar flexion

Front 29

Proximal tibiofibular joint

Back 29

Lateral condyle of tibia with the head of the fibula

Diarthrotic (freely moveable): Gliding, sliding

Front 30

Distal tibiofibular joint

Back 30

Distal tibia with lateral malleolus of the fibula

Amphiarthrotic (syndesmosis): slight movement

Front 31

Talofibular joint

Back 31

Talus with the lateral malleolus of the fibula

Diarthrotic (freely moveable): Hinge, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

Front 32

Largest, strongest and heaviest bone in the body

Back 32

Femur

Front 33

2 large prominences which articulate with tibia to form knee joint

Back 33

Medial and lateral condyles

Front 34

Shallow depression on the anterior surface of condyles for articulation with patella

Back 34

Patellar surface

Front 35

Deep depression on the posterior surface of condyles (between condyles) the tunnel

Back 35

Intercondylar fossa

Front 36

Smaller prominences above each condyle of the femur

Back 36

Medial and lateral epicondyles

Front 37

Posterior surface of the knee joint

Back 37

Popliteal surface

Front 38

AP Ankle

Back 38

10 x 12" cassette
40" SID
6 mas @ 66 kvp

Front 39

Evaluation criteria for AP ankle

Back 39

See tibiotalar joint space
Slight overlapping at tibiofibular articulation
Talus slightly overlappin the distal fibula

Front 40

Ankle - Medial oblique (Mortise)

Back 40

10 x 12" cassette
40" SID
6mas @ 66kvp

Front 41

Mortise view evaluation criteria

Back 41

Ankle mortise in profile
Talofibular (mortise) joint free of superimposition

Front 42

Lateral Ankle

Back 42

10 x 12" cassette
40" SID
6mas @ 60kvp

Front 43

Evaluation criteria for lateral ankle

Back 43

See Tibiotalar joint
Fibula superimposed over posterior 1/2 of tibia
Bony & soft tissue anatomy

Front 44

Post Tibial Lip (sloppy lateral)

Back 44

10 x 12" cassette
40" SID
6mas @ 60kvp

Front 45

AP Tib/Fib

Back 45

14 x 17" cassette (diagonal)
50" SID
11mas @ 70kvp
Both joints on film

Front 46

Lateral Tib/Fib

Back 46

14 x 17" cassette
50" SID
11mas @ 70kvp
Both joints on film

Front 47

Evaluation Criteria for the lateral tibia/fibula

Back 47

Both joint on film
Distal fibula lying over posterior 1/2 of tibia
Slight overlap of tibia on prox fibular head
Separation of tibial and fibular shafts (except are articulating ends)

Front 48

AP Knee

Back 48

10 x 12" cassette
40" SID
AEC center photocell, receptor=table
70 kvp

Front 49

Measurement of hips and degress to angle for the AP knee

Back 49

<19 cm = 3-5 degrees caudad
19-24 cm = no angle/0 degrees
>24 cm = 3-5 degrees cephalad

Front 50

Lateral knee

Back 50

10 x 12" cassette
40" SID (detented)
AEC center photocell, receptor=table
70kvp
Angle CR 5degrees to apex of patella to reduce magnification of the medial femoral condyle

Front 51

Evaluation Criteria for Lateral Knee

Back 51

Femoral condyles superimposed
Open joint space between femoral condyles & tibia
Open patellofemoral joint

Front 52

Settegast or Sunrise view of the Patella

Back 52

8 x 10" cassette
40" SID (15-20 degree angle into femoropatellar joint space)
11mas @ 66kvp
Position cassette perpendicular to CR