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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The radiation unit best suited for measuring the output of the x-ray tube is the:
a. roentgen b. rad c. rem d. gray |
a. roentgen
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In pelvic radiography, a dose to the shielded female gonads is primarily due to the:
a. characteristic xrays released by high atomic number atoms in the pelvis. b. Internally scattered xrays c. Leakage radiation and air scatter d. Secondary electrons scattered off the xray field e. Xrays scattered from nearby object |
b. Internally scattered xrays
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Dose Limits (DLs) are expressed in the units of:
a. roentgen or seivert b. rem or becquerel c. mrem or mseivert d. rad or curie |
c. mrem or mseivert
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To convert from mSv to mrem, you multiply using the conversion factor of (10, 100, 1000).
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100
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Exposure rate X exposure time =
a. rate b. time c. exposure d. occupational exposure |
c. exposure
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Alpha possesses a quality factor of 20 as compared to x-rays
with a QF of 1. This indicates that alpha produces ___ damage biologically than the same quantity of x-rays. a. less b. more |
b. more
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The radiation weighting factor Wr is best described as:
a. the radiation characteristic used to determine equivalent dose. b. Having units of keV/um c. Being equal to the RBE d. The radiation characteristic for medical radiation used to determine effective dose |
d. The radiation characteristic for medical radiation used to determine effective dose
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The organization in the US that is principally responsible for recommending radiation dose limits is the:
a. USNRC b. NCRP c. ICRP d. USFDA |
b. NCRP
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Recommended dose limits (DLs) are expressed as:
a. exposure b. dose c. dose equivalent d. effective dose (E) |
d. effective dose (E)
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One TVL is equal to ___ HVLs.
a. 2.0 b. 2.2 c. 3.0 d. 3.3 |
d. 3.3
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Which of the following is needed to calculate the dose received by a fetus after a radiographic procedure?
a. fetal sex b. gestation period c. grid ratio d. image receptor speed e. mAs and kVp |
e. mAs and kVp
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What could a technologist do to reduce the radiation dose to the fetus of a pregnant patient?
a. decrease kVp and increase mAs b. Increase OID c. Increase the SID and mAs d. Reduce exposure time e. Use specific shields if appropriate |
e. Use specific shields if appropriate
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If an AP exam of the lumbar spine results in an ESE of 250 mR, the approximate fetal dose will be:
a. 5 mrad b. 50 mrad c. 80 mrad d. 100 mrad |
c. 80 mrad
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When wearing a lead apron, effective dose is much less than that recorded by a collar positioned radiation monitor. Which statement is most accurate?
a. absolutely zero exposure under the apron b. 1/5 the exposure is received under the apron c. conversion factor of 0.3 should be applied to collar monitor reported value d. conversion factor of 10 should be applied to collar monitor reported value |
c. conversion factor of 0.3 should be applied to collar monitor reported value
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Recommended dose limits are based on which type of radiation dose response relationship?
a. linear, threshold b. linear, nonthreshold c. nonlinear, threshold d. nonlinear, nonthreshold |
b. linear, nonthreshold
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Radiographers work primarily in a/an___area which requires less shielding than for an area occupied by the public.
a. controlled b. uncontrolled |
a. controlled
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Effective dose takes into account
a. the gender of the worker b. the occupation of the worker c. the risk of various types of accidental deaths d. the radiation sensitivity of various tissues |
d. the radiation sensitivity of various tissues
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0.5mm lead aprons provide approximately ___ attenuation at 75 kVp.
a. 90% b. 9% |
a. 90%
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If you received an effective dose of 650 mrem, how many rem is that?
a. 0.065 rem b. 0.650 rem c. 6.5 rem d. 65 rem |
b. 0.650 rem
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When in fluoro, the apron must contain a lead equivalency of
A. .25mm B. .5mm C. .25cm D. .5cm |
B. .5mm
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In regard to the three important factors for radiation protection, the lowest exposure is possible if the:
A. Distance from a source is as short as possible B. Time of exposure is as short as possible C. Shielding is as thin as possible D. All of the above |
B. Time of exposure is as short as possible
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Above __ rads of exposure, the risk of latent injury may justify a therapeutic abortion.
A. 2.5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 25 |
D. 25 rads
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The NCRP recommends that the maximum dose to individuals in the general population be limited to _____ that of the occupational limit.
A. 1/100 of B. 1/10 of C. 2 times D. 10 times |
B. 1/10 of
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The dose equivalent limit for whole body exposure of an
occupational worker in one year is A. 5 mrem (.05mSv) B. 1,000mrem (10mSv) C. 5,000mrem (50mSv) D. 25,000mrem (250mSv) |
C. 5,000mrem (50mSv)
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Once a pregnancy is declared, the recommended dose limit for the embryo or fetus is
a. 5 mSv/month b. 5 mSv/9 months c. 5 mSv/y d. 50 mSv/y |
b. 5 mSv/9 months
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The recommended dose limit for members of the public who are frequently exposed is:
a. 100 mrem/month b. 500 mrem/month c. 100 mrem/y d. 500 mrem/y |
c. 100 mrem/y
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Two monitors are to be worn by the “declared” pregnant technologist. The monitors are non-specific and may be worn at either the collar or the waist.
a. false b. true |
a. false
they are specific |
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Any radiation dose that is not required for the patient’s
well-being or proper management and care is expressed as A. Undesirable radiation B. Unnecessary radiation C. Unusual radiation D. Ultraviolet radiation dose |
B. Unnecessary radiation
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Lead aprons containing .5mm of lead essentially reduce exposure by the equivalent of ___ HVLs.
A. .5 B. 1 C. 1.5 D. 2.0 |
D. 2.0
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The maximum cumulative dose limit (DL) for an occupational
worker in radiation is 1 rem per year of age. This is ___ in mrem. A. 2000 B. 30 C. 1000 D. 100 |
C. 1000
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The exposure limit of __ is 100mR/hour at 1 meter from the
source. A. Fluoro dose at the tabletop B. Leakage radiation |
B. Leakage radiation
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A 17 year old radiographer has an annual dose limit of:
a. 50 mrem b. 100 mrem c. 500 mrem d. 5000 mrem |
b. 100 mrem
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The use of pulsed progressive fluoroscopy ___ the patient dose by a factor of 0.1.
a. decreases b. increases |
a. decreases
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Isoexposure lines represent positions of equal radiation exposure in the ___ .
a. general radiographic room b. fluoroscopy room |
b. fluoroscopy room
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Which of the following may be used as primary shielding in
radiography? A. Lead B. Concrete C. Gypsum board D. A and B |
D. A and B
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The annual effective DL for education and training exposures is __.
a. the same as the exposure for the public b. the same as the exposure for any occupational worker |
a. the same as the exposure for the public
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The DL for the hands of a radiologic technologist is:
a. 30 mSv/y b. 300 mSv/y c. 500 mSv/y d. 750 mSv/y |
c. 500 mSv/y
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When only part of the body is exposed, as in medical x-ray imaging (partial body exposure), the risk of a stochastic radiation response is not proportional to the tissue dose but rather to the ________
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effective dose (E)
Effective dose is the equivalent whole-body dose which is the weighted average of the radiation dose to various organs and tissues. |
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The Radiation Weighting Factor for alpha particles is ___
a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 40 |
c. 20
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The tissue weighting factor for skin is ____.
a. .01 b. .10 c. .20 d. 10 |
a. .01
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The tissue weighting factor for the gonads is ____.
a. .01 b. .10 c. .20 d. 10 |
c. .20
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The radiation weighting factor for x-rays is ____.
a. .5 b. 1 c. 5 d. 10 |
b. 1
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The tissue weighting factor for the liver is ____
a. .01 b. .05 c. .10 d. .20 |
b. .05
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Radiologic Terrorism
RED stands for _____ |
Radiation Exposure Device
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Radiologic Terrorism
RDD stands for ____ |
Radiologic Dispersal Device
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Radiologic Terrorism
IND stands for ___ |
Improvised Nuclear Device
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Radiologic Terrorism
An inner boundary is established at an exposure rate of |
10R/hr
Inside this boundary, one should assume that levels of radioactive contamination are high until proven otherwise An outer boundary is established when exposure exceeds 10mR/hr or when radioactive contamination is detectable |
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Being exposed to radiation (does/does not) make an individual radioactive.
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does not
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Radioactive contamination is _____life threatening.
a. always b. sometimes c. rarely d. never |
c. rarely
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Radiation Detection Apparatus
Radiation detection equipment with specific capacity should be stored in the ______ |
NM lab
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Radiation Detection Apparatus
Apparatus should be capable of measuring radiation exposure levels to _____ |
50R/hr
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Radiation Detection Apparatus
An additional unit should be available to detect |
alpha and beta particles
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RSO stands for
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Radiation Safety Officer
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If a response occurs during the latter two trimesters, the principal response will be be the appearance of ___________ during childhood.
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malignant disease
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Malignant disease Requires high dose; usually not seen with doses less than
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25 rad.
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What kind of aprons are preferred for pregnant technologists?
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wraparound aprons
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What does the 5 minute timer serve as ?
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a reminder for the radiologist
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3 times the distance is equal to ____ the intensity of radiation
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1/9th
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4 times the distance is equal to ___ the intensity
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1/16th
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The radiographer should attempt to stand at ______ to the x-ray beam scattering object (the patient) line
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right angles (90 degrees)
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the location of the lower potential scatter dose is on the side of the patient _____ from the x-ray tube
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AWAY (ie. the intensifier side)
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If the distance from the source exceeds __ times the source diameter, it can be treated as a point source.
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5 times
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_____ is the equivalent whole body dose .
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Effective dose
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Most radiation sources are ____ sources
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point sources
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the x-ray tube is a ___ of radiation
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point source
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