Radiobiology

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An ONCOGENE is considered a:

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Protein

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The SHORTEST phase of a cell cycle is:

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M Phase

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Law of BERGONIE AND TRIBONDEAU: short definition.

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ACTIVELY mitotic;
UNDIFFERENTIATED;
LONG mitotic future.

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Law of BERGONIE AND TRIBONDEAU: long definition.

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Tumor is
INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL
to the
DEGREE OF DIFFERENTIATION
and
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to the rate of mitotic activity.

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Bergonie and Tribondeau STUDIED:

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The sesitivity of cells affected by radiation.

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Bergonie and Tribondeau: CONCLUDED:

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The sensitivity of cells is based on its characteristics and not based on the radiation.

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STOCHASTIC

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NON-THRESHOLD;
PROBABLISTIC.

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Stochastic's severity is:

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NOT DOSE DEPENDANT

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NON-STOCHASTIC

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THRESHOLD;
DETERMINISTIC

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The RETINOBLASTOMA gene is a:

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TUMOR SUPPRESSOR

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When a tumor can be destroyed but normal tissue suffers complications, the tumor is thought to be a:

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COMPLICATED CURE

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When a tumor can be destroyed, but normal tissue suffers severe complications:

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RADIORESISTANT

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Tissue surrounding a tumor has a tolerence of 3000cGy and the tumor has a LD of 3500cGy; the tumor is considered:

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RADIORESISTANT

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Skin has a normal tissue tolerance dose of 5000cGy, basal cell carcinomas have a tumor LD of 4500cGy; the tumor would be considered:

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RADIOTREATABLE

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Radiation damage in radioresistant organs is usually caused by:

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Destroying PARENCHYMAL blood.

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Shortest cell cycle:

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M Phase

Front 17

Works best primarily with sparsley ionizing radiation by scavaging for free radicals:

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RADIOPROTECTORS

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A measure of the total energy deposited in the patient:

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INTEGRAL DOSE

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Amount of exposure that causes twice the normal incidence is:

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DOUBLING DOSE

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A common form of cancer that appears to follow a threshold dose is:

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SKIN CANCER

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Radiation induced mutation that appears in offspring of the exposed individual is termed:

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GENETIC MUTATION

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A threshold dose-response relationship is characterized by a:

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MINIMAL dose ABOVE which radiation damage is MEASURABLE

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The biological effects ocurring from an exposure dose of 4000cGy to an extremity are related to the:

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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

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A depleted nutrient state post-irradiation with incresed cell survival is the hallmark of repair process:

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PLDR

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The biological effect of ionization radiation is a result of the:

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CHEMICAL DISRUPTION OF MOLECULES

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The average time between lethal radiation exposure and death in termed:

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MEAN SURVIVAL TIME

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Death from radiation exposure to the GI tract accurs within:

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ONE WEEK

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The ratio of asorbed dose from different types of radiation and their ability to produce the same biological response is termed:

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RBE (Relative Biological Effect)

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RBE (Relative Biological Effect) does not depend on :

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TIME

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RBE (Relative Biological Effect) depends on:

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RADIATION QUALITY;
RADIATION DOSE;
BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM

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The average energy deposited per unit path-length to a medium by ionizing radiation as it passes through that medium is termed:

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LET (Linear Energy Transfer)

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As LET increases,
the effects of oxygen:

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DECREASES

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As LET increases, radiosensitivity:

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DECREASES

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The particles that have the highest LET value:

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ALPHA PARTICLES

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The highest LET would be received from:

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FAST PROTONS

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The comparison of the response of cells to radiation in the presence and absende of oxygen is termed:

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OER (Oxygen Enhancement Ratio)

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When dealing with OER and anoxic tisue, which would be the most effective?

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NEUTRONS

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The most potent chemical modifier of radiosensitivity to Xrays and Gamma rays:

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OXYGEN

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Hypoxic cells are relatively resistant to radiation and is therefore a probalbe cause in:

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TUMOR RE-GROWTH

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The enhancement of cell killing effects through the use of oxygen requires a cellular level of at least:

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3%

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On a survival curve, Do is the:

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Dose where the surviving fraction is 37%.

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Not a nitrogenous base in RNA:

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THIAMINE

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Not a nitrogenous base in DNA:

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URACIL