Radio - 2 - Film Processing

Front 1

What factors should be considered in determining the space needed for a darkroom

Back 1

The volume of radiographs to be processed

Number of dental professionals handling the processing

Type of processing to be done (manual, automatic)

Space required for duplicating, drying and storage

Front 2

Coin test

Back 2

Coin is placed on unwrapped, unexposed film under safelight

After 3 min of exposure to safelight, film is developed

If the film shows outline of the coin, the light is not safe

Front 3

M-2 Safelight

Back 3

Used for working with intraoral film

Front 4

GBX-2 Safelight

Back 4

Used with extraoral and intraoral film because of the film's increased sensitivity to light.

Front 5

What is the optimum temperature for the processing tanks?

Back 5

68-70F

Front 6

What are the ingredients of Developer?

Back 6

Elon/Metol and hydroquinone developing agent

Sodium sulfite preservative

Sodium carbonate activator

Potassium bromide restrainer

Front 7

What is the function of Elon/Metol and hydroquinone developing agent?

Back 7

Reduces the energized silver bromide crystals in the film to silver

Front 8

What is the function of Sodium sulfite preservative in Developer

Back 8

Prevents oxidation of developer

Front 9

What is the function of Sodium carbonate activator in Developer?

Back 9

Provides alkaline medium

Softens gelatin to allow developing agents to reach silver bromide crystals

Front 10

What is the function of Potassium Bromide restrainer in Developer?

Back 10

Controls activity of developing agents and prevents chemical fog

Front 11

What are the ingredients of fixer?

Back 11

Sodium thiosulfate clearing solution

Sodium sulfite preservative

Potassium aluminum sulfate hardener

Acetic acid acidifier

Front 12

What is the purpose of Sodium thiosulfate clearing solution in Fixer

Back 12

Removes undeveloped or unexposed silver bromide crystals from the emulsion

Front 13

What is the purpose of Sodium sulfite preservative in Fixer

Back 13

Prevents the decomposition of teh thiosulfate clearing agent

Front 14

What is the purpose of Potassium aluminum sulfate hardener in Fixer

Back 14

Shrinks and hardens gelatin

Front 15

What is the purpose of Acetic acid in Fixer

Back 15

Maintains acid medium

Front 16

Time-temperature method

Back 16

A technique used to process x-ray films in which the time the film stays in the developer is calibrated to the temperature of the solution within a stated acceptable range.

Front 17

What is the sequence of processing?

Back 17

Developing, rinsing, fixing, washing and drying

Front 18

Sight Development

Back 18

Develop X-ray films by sight

Film is removed at frequent intervals and held up to the safelight until fillings or root shapes are visible

The film is then washed and placed in fixer

Does not provide the maximum diagnostic information for radiation exposure

Front 19

Wet reading

Back 19

Interpretation of the radiograph approximately 3 minutes after its initial fixation

Permanent fixation requires a minimum of 10minutes

Front 20

Rapid processing

Back 20

Done with the use of higher solution temperatures, concentrated solutions, agitation of the film or a combination

The higher the temperature or more agitation of the film, the less time it needs in the developer

Not comparable in density and definition to films processed by standard methods

Front 21

Automatic processing

Back 21

The processing of radiographs by machine, eliminating the need for human interaction to move the films from solution baths

Advantage is the maintenance of standardized procedure

Front 22

Reticulation

Back 22

Film is developed at an elevated temperature and then placed in a cold water bath. Causes the swollen emulsion to shrink rapidly and give the image a wrinked appearance

Front 23

Fogged film

Back 23

Overall gray appearance because of diminished contrast

Caused by light leaks, improper safelight, improper film storage, exposure to secondary radiation

Front 24

Underdeveloped film

Back 24

Light/thin in appearance

Results when amount of silver has not been precipitated because of weak or cold developing solution of insufficient developing time

Also can be due to incorrect mA or increased FFD

Front 25

Overdeveloped film

Back 25

Dense/dark image

Results from too much fluid precipitating by hot developing solutions or prolonged developing time

Front 26

Clear films

Back 26

Entire emulsion has been washed off

Occurs when films are overfixed or left in water baths for prolonged periods

Can also occur if film is placed in fixed first before developing solution

Front 27

Discolored film

Back 27

Films that do not have adequate fixation turn burn after a period of time

Front 28

What is the optimum time to keep film in developer?

Back 28

4.5-5 min depending on the manufacturer