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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
radiation dose response curves can be used to predict the risk of ______ in human populations exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation
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malignancy
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the human body can incorporate radium into bone b/c it is chemically similar to
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calcium
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prodromal is AKA
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initial stage
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3 forms of ARS
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hematopoietic syndrome, gastrointestinal syndrome, & cerebrovascular syndrome
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AKA bone marrow syndrome, occurs when human beings receive whole body doses of ionizing radiation ranging from 1-10 Gy
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hematopoietic syndrome
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signifies the whole body dose of radiation that can be lethal to 50% of the exposed population with in 30 days
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LD 50/30
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___ ___ proff exists that low level ionizing radiation doses below 0.1 Sv (10 rem) cause a significant increase in the risk of malignancy
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no conclusive
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model predicts that the # of excess cancers will increase as the natural incidence of cancer increases with advancing age in a population
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relative risk
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the # of excess cancers that would not have occurred in a given population w/o exposure to ionizing radiation may be predicted by
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absolute risk model & relative risk model
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the incidence of leukemia has slowly ____ since the late 1940s and early 1950s
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declined
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___ ___ take approx. 10 yrs to develop and generally increase in occurrence at the sme rate that cancer increases as people age
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solid tumors
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solid tumors continues to ____
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rise
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radiation induced leukemias and solid tumors in the survivors may be attributed predominantly to
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gamma radiation exposure
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if the evacuees are monitored for at least 30 yrs important estimates of radiation induced leukemias, thyroid cancer, and other malignancies
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may be obtained
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by offering a substitute for take up by thyroid gland ____ ____ is inteded to block effectively the glands uptake of 131I
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potassium iodide
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lab experiments with mice show that cataracts my be induced with doses as low as
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0.1 Gy or 10 rads
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radiation induced cataracts in human beings follow a
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threshold, nonlinear dose response relationship
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if the structure is irradiated with a dose in the range of 0.05 - 0.15 Gy ____ ____ will occur
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embryonic death
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effects occur as a result of radiation induced damage to the DNA molecule in the sperm or ova of an adult
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genetic effects
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mutations in genes and DNA that occur at random as a natural phenomenon are called
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spontaneous mutations
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certain agents such as elevated temperatures, ionizing radiation, viruses, and chemicals can increase the frequency of mutation are called
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mutagens
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existing data on radiation induced genetic effects in humans are both
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contradictory and inconclusive
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studies of the offspring of the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, is estimated to have a mean value of
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1.56 Sv (156 rem)
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is the most important late stochastic effect caused by exposure to ionizing radiation
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cancer
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