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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
radiation dose response curves can be used to predict the risk of ______ in human populations exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation
malignancy
the human body can incorporate radium into bone b/c it is chemically similar to
calcium
prodromal is AKA
initial stage
3 forms of ARS
hematopoietic syndrome, gastrointestinal syndrome, & cerebrovascular syndrome
AKA bone marrow syndrome, occurs when human beings receive whole body doses of ionizing radiation ranging from 1-10 Gy
hematopoietic syndrome
signifies the whole body dose of radiation that can be lethal to 50% of the exposed population with in 30 days
LD 50/30
___ ___ proff exists that low level ionizing radiation doses below 0.1 Sv (10 rem) cause a significant increase in the risk of malignancy
no conclusive
model predicts that the # of excess cancers will increase as the natural incidence of cancer increases with advancing age in a population
relative risk
the # of excess cancers that would not have occurred in a given population w/o exposure to ionizing radiation may be predicted by
absolute risk model & relative risk model
the incidence of leukemia has slowly ____ since the late 1940s and early 1950s
declined
___ ___ take approx. 10 yrs to develop and generally increase in occurrence at the sme rate that cancer increases as people age
solid tumors
solid tumors continues to ____
rise
radiation induced leukemias and solid tumors in the survivors may be attributed predominantly to
gamma radiation exposure
if the evacuees are monitored for at least 30 yrs important estimates of radiation induced leukemias, thyroid cancer, and other malignancies
may be obtained
by offering a substitute for take up by thyroid gland ____ ____ is inteded to block effectively the glands uptake of 131I
potassium iodide
lab experiments with mice show that cataracts my be induced with doses as low as
0.1 Gy or 10 rads
radiation induced cataracts in human beings follow a
threshold, nonlinear dose response relationship
if the structure is irradiated with a dose in the range of 0.05 - 0.15 Gy ____ ____ will occur
embryonic death
effects occur as a result of radiation induced damage to the DNA molecule in the sperm or ova of an adult
genetic effects
mutations in genes and DNA that occur at random as a natural phenomenon are called
spontaneous mutations
certain agents such as elevated temperatures, ionizing radiation, viruses, and chemicals can increase the frequency of mutation are called
mutagens
existing data on radiation induced genetic effects in humans are both
contradictory and inconclusive
studies of the offspring of the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, is estimated to have a mean value of
1.56 Sv (156 rem)
is the most important late stochastic effect caused by exposure to ionizing radiation
cancer