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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter
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Anything that occupies space
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What is the scientific unit of mass?
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The kilogram (kg)
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Describes the mass of an object in a gravitational force
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Weight
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Energy is......
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The ability to do work
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Energy is measured in the SI unit of _____.
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joule (J)
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eV
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electron volts (used in radiography)
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Potential energy
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Ability to do work due to position
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Kinetic energy
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Energy of motion
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Chemical energy
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Energy released by a chemical reaction
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Electrical energy
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Work that can be done when an electron or electronic charge moves through an electric potential
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Household electricity is
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110 volts
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Thermal energy
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Energy of motion at the molecular level (kinetic energy of molecules) - molecules in motion
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Nuclear energy
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Energy contained in the nucleus of an atom
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Electromagnetic energy
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Energy resulting from electric and magnetic disturbances in space
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This type of energy travels through space as a combination of electric and magnetic fields and is produced by the acceleration of a charge
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Electromagnetic energy
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Forms of electromagnetic energy
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X-rays
Radio waves Microwaves Ultraviolet light Infrared light Visible light |
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A form of man-made electromagnetic energy created in an x-ray tube when high-speed electrons are suddenly stopped
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X-rays
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Einstein's mass-energy equivalence
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E=MC2
E = energy m = mass c = is the speed of light in a vacuum |
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Energy emitted through space is called _________.
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Radiation
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The transfer of energy
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Radiation
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Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it is said to be
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Exposed or irradiated
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A special type of radiation that includes x-rays
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Ionizing radiation
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Any kind of radiation capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts
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Ionizing radiation
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The interaction between radiation and matter
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Ionization
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The orbital electron and the atom from which it was separated is called ________.
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An Ion Pair
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The only forms of electromagnetic radiation with enough energy to ionize.
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X-rays, gamma rays and ultraviolet light
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Examples of fast moving particles capable of ionization
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Alpha and beta particles
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2 main categories of Ionizing Radiation
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Natural environmental radiation
Man-made radiation |
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Natural environmental radiation consists of 3 components
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-Cosmic Rays
-Terrestrial radiation -Internally deposited radionuclides |
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Radiation emitted from deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides in the Earth
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Terrestrial radiation
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The largest component of natural environmental radiation is ________.
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Radon
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Internally deposited radionuclides
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Mainly potassium -40 which is a natural metabolite (part of the metabolism)
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When energy increases, frequency (increases/decreases) and wavelength (increases/decreases)
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Increases
Decreases |
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Cosmic rays = ?% protons, ?% helium and ?% electrons
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90% Protons
9% Helium 1% Electrons |
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REM
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Radiation Emitted to Man
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Diagnostic x-rays contribute approx ? mrem/yr
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39 mrem which is the largest source of Ionizing Radiation
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What type of tube was Roentgen using when he discovered x-rays?
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Crookes tube
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When were x-rays discovered?
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November 8, 1895
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Who discovered x-rays?
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William Conrad Roentgen
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The Crookes tube conducted what?
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Cathode rays or electrons
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What year did Roentgen win the Noble Prize for physics?
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1901
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The first medical x-ray film was produced when?
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1896
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2 general types of x-ray exams
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Radiography
Flouroscopy |
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X-ray voltages are measured in ???
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Kilovolt Peak (kVp)
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X-ray currents are measure in ???
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Milliamperes (mA) where (A) is a measure of electric current
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mA = the number of ????
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Electrons
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kVp =
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Measure of X-ray voltage
The speed the electrons are moving |
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1895
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The discovery of x-rays
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1898
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Thomas Edison develops fluoroscope
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1899
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Collimation and filtration developed
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1907
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Snook transformer developed offering more controlled voltage and current production
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1913
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Coolidge hot filament x-ray tube developed to replace cold filament Crookes
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1920
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ASRT - (first professional organization) developed
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1921
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First grid to remove scatter radiation
(Potter-Bucky grid) |
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1942
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First automatic processor
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1917
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Cellulose nitrate film base is widely adopted
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1948
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Image intensifier tube developed for fluoroscopy screens
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1951
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Tomography developed
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1966
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Ultrasound
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1970s
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PET and CT
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1980s
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MRI
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2000s
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CR & DR
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