Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
An inherited disorder of the exocrine glands, causing those glands to produce abnormally thick secretions of mucus.
In the lungs, the mucus blocks the bronchioles, creating breathing difficulties. Infection develops, thereby increasing obstruction of the air passages. Air becomes trapped in the lungs(emphysema), and scattered small areas eventually collapse (patchy atelectasis)
Aerosol therapy and antibiotics are generally prescribed |
Cystic Fibrosis |
|
|
A type of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn in which there is formation of a hyaline-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory passages; extensive underaeration of the lungs is attributed to lack of surfactant.
Surfactants (Allows the lungs to expand and contract easier)
Characterized by rapid shallow breathing and cyanosis and the formation of a glassy hyaline membrane over the alveoli. |
Hyaline Membrane Disease |
|
|
A disease of infants and young children; harsh coughing, hoarseness, fever and difficulty breathing.
A viral infection of the subglottic region of the trachea which causes inflammatory obstructive swelling.
Corticosteroids and breathing treatments are used as treatments |
Croup |
|
|
Swelling of the epiglottis; characterized by thickening of the epiglottic tissue a severe sore throat and difficulty in swallowing.
Commonly caused by Haemophilus influenza in children
|
Epiglottitis |
|
|
An acute or chronic disease marked by inflammation of the lungs and caused by viruses, bacteria, or mycoplasmal and sometimes by physical chemical irritants.
Inflammatory exudates replace air in the alveoli
May create honeycomb appearance on CT images
Antibiotics are used as treatment |
Pneumonia |
|
|
An infectious, usually fatal disease of mammals caused by the sporelike bacterium Bacillus Antracis
Considered highly volatile because of its ease of transmission and high fatality rate
Marked by the formation of a necrotic skin ulcer, high fever, and toxemia
Antibiotics are used for treatment
|
Anthrax |
|
|
A necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing purulent (puslike) materials that becomes encapsulated in fibrous wall.
Aspiration is the most common cause of this
Respiratory therapy is the common treatment. |
Lung Abscess |
|
|
A potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs. It is caused by a bacterial microorganism, the tubercle bacillus which can be airborne.
It (bacteria) has a waxy coating that allows it to live outside the body for along periods of time
Is spread through droplets in the air
Are often found superior apical segments
What to look for Small opaque spots throughout the lungs frequently in area of the upper lobes and apices, enlargement of hilar regions
No change or slight (+) increase
|
Tuberculosis |
|
|
A fungal infection of the lungs is called
Two most common in North America (Histoplasmosis- caused by the fungus histoplasma capsulatum
Coccidoidomycosis immitis- caused by the fungus coccidiomycosis)
Both closely resemble TB on a chest Rediography |
Pulmonary Mycosis |
|
|
An RNA(RiboNucleaicAcid)-containing virus that causes minor respiratory infections in adults and bronchitis and bronchopneumonia in children
The virus attacks the lower respiratory tract and causes necrosis of the epithelium, bronchi and broncioles leading to bronchioltitis and brochial obstruction, spasms and intestinal pneumonia
Sometimes antibiotics or antiviral drugs are needed but not often |
Respiratory Syncytial virus |
|
|
A potentially severe and fatal RTI caused by coronavirus (airborne virus)
Starts with a nonproductive cough and advances into hypoxemia and other symptoms are similar to pneumonia
has unknown etiology and my survive in the environment for days
Currently antiviral and antibiotic drugs are used to combat this disease |
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) |
|
|
A term used to describe chronic lung diseases such as
Chronic bronchitis Empysema Asthma
These diseases lead to an ineffective exchange of respiratory gases and breathing becomes difficult.
Treatment is concerned with restoring and maintaining exisiting lung function and relieving symptoms |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
|
|
This disease causes walls of the bronchi and bronchioles become thick and produce viscous mucus |
Chronic Bronchitis |
|
|
This disease causes the lungs to become rigid and exhalation becomes difficult. Air becomes trapped in the lungs and diaphragm becomes flattened. |
Emphysema |
|
|
This disease causes the tracheobronchial tree to become narrowed due to allergens, exercise, heat, and cold. |
Astma |
|
|
This disease causes a disposition of large amounts of dust or other particulate matter in inhaled lungs and are trapped in the acini(terminal portion of the alveoli)
Forms of this desease include Silicosis-inhalation of quartz dust Anthracosis-Inhalation of coal dust Asbestosis- inhaling asbestos
calcified pleural plaques appear in the form of thin, curvilinear densities comforming to the upper surface of the diaphragm bilaterally
|
Pneumonconosis |
|
|
This carcinoma of the lung arises from the mucosa of the bronchail tree. This is also the most common primary malignant lung neoplasm
The most common type of this carcinoma is squamous cell, which typically arise from the central bronchi and blocks of the bronchial lumen
Surgical resection of the lobe is often required |
Bronchogenic Carcinoma (lung cancer) |
|
|
The process by which cancer spreads from the place at which it first arose as a primary tumor to distant locations in the body. |
Metastasis |
|
|
Pulminary Metastasis may develop in 2 ways : |
Hematogenously( spread by blood)
Lymphaticly( spread throughout the lungs) |
|
|
Cancer that spreads throughout the lungs, commonly a complication of carcinoma of the breast , stomach, thyroid, pancreas, larynx, cervix or prostate is called |
Lymphatic metastasis |
|
|
Is known as a blockage of the pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by blood clot.
More than 95 percent of pulmonary emboli arise from the lower extremity because of venous stasis.
High resolution CT is the preferred imaging modality for detecting pulmonary emboli
Anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatment are used to treat emboli |
Pulminary Embolism |
|
|
A condition in which there is diminshed air within the lung associated with reduced lung volume -collapse of all or part of the lung usually caused by bronchial obstruction
Body positioning and breathing treatment are used to expand the lung |
Atelectasis |
|
|
The presence and accumulation of air in the plueral cavity resulting in a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Can be caused by disease or trauma
The treatment for this is by inserting a syringe or a or a tube into the plueral cavity to aspirate air which helps the lungs expand
What to look for Lung seen displaced from chest wall, no lung marking
Decreased (-)
|
Pnuemothorax |
|
|
Accumulation of fluid in the plueral cavity(space in between the lungs and walls of the chest) often resulting from disease of the heart or kidneys
Radiographs reveal blunted costophrenic angles
Thoracocentisis is usually required for the removal of fluid from the plueral cavity |
Plueral Effusion |
|
|
The collecting of pus in one of the cavities of the body, especially in the cavity containing the lungs.
Antibiotics and needle aspiration can both be used to remove the pus and treat infection |
Empyema |
|
|
Masses that are located in either the anterior, middle or posterior compartments of mediastinum are called
|
Mediastinal Masses |
|
|
Thyroma, Teratomas, Thyroid masses, Lipomas and Lymphomas
Are lesions of which part of the mediastinum? |
Anterior Mediastinum |
|
|
Neurogenic tumors, Neurogenic cysts, Aneurysms of the descending aorta and Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
Are masses of what part of the mediastinum? |
Posterior Mediastinum |
|
|
Lyphomas, Medistastic carcinoma and Granulomas
Are lesions of which part of the Mediastinum? |
Middle Mediastinum |
|
|
A rare cogenital abnormality in which one or both hemidiaphragms are too weak to permit upward movement of abdominal contents into the thoracic cage
its a failure of muscular development of part or all of one or both hemidiaphragms.
Rarely needs treatment
Appears as an elevated diaphragm on an X-RAY
|
Eventration of the Diaphragm |
|
|
A mechanical obstruction caused by a foreign object( Fluid, vomitus, food particles) lodged into the air passages of the bronchial tree. (when someone vomits and breaths it in)
What to look for Radiodense or Radiopaque outline
Soft-tissue technique for upper airway |
Aspiration |
|
|
Dilation or widening of bronchi or bronchioles caused by repeated pulmonary infection or obstruction
What to look for Radiodense lower lungs
Increase (+) |
Bronchiectasis |
|
|
Fluid in the Plueral Cavity is called :
What to look for Increased radio-density, air fluid levels, possible mediastinal shift (atelectasis)
Increase (+)
|
Plueral Effusion |
|
|
Fluid in the lungs caused by a backup in pulmonary circulation due to CHF(congestive heart failure)
What to look for Increased diffuse radiodensity in hilar regions, air fluid levels
Increase (+) |
Pulmonary Edema |
