Rad 105 Test 2 Production And Prime Factors

Front 1

radiolucent

Back 1

x-rays freely pass through

Front 2

advantage of reciprocating grid over stationary

Back 2

blurs grid lines

Front 3

90/15 Table---the 15 refers to:

Back 3

the patient's head down (Trendelenburg) 15 degrees

Front 4

Name 4 ancillary equipment items

Back 4

foot board
shoulder supports
hand grips
compression bands

Front 5

2 functions of the tube housing

Back 5

prevents shock
controls leakage radiation

Front 6

Purpose of glass envelope

Back 6

creates vacuum

Front 7

negative portion of the x-ray tube

Back 7

cathode

Front 8

What does dual focus mean?

Back 8

Large and small focal spot/ 2 filaments

Front 9

What charge is the focusing cup

Back 9

negative

Front 10

Positive portion of x-ray tube

Back 10

anode

Front 11

Substance that anode is made of

Back 11

Tungsten

Front 12

If I am taking a radiograph in which a higher heat capapcity is important, but I don't need much detail, then I select (Lg/Sm f.s.)

Back 12

Large

Front 13

Boiling off of electrons

Back 13

Thermionic Emission

Front 14

Where does thermionic emission take place?

Back 14

filament

Front 15

This principle states that the angle of the target allows for more heat tolerance without sacrificing good image detail

Back 15

Line focus principle

Front 16

True or False---With the line focus principle, the effective focal spot is larger than the actual.

Back 16

False

Front 17

Due to the anode heel effect, the intensity is greater on the ___________ side of the tube

Back 17

Cathode

Front 18

When considering the anode heel effect, thicker parts should be placed at the __________ end of table.

Back 18

cathode

Front 19

What tells us if a single exposure could be safe?

Back 19

Tube rating chart

Front 20

What is the formula for calculating heat units?

Back 20

kVp x mA x Time x rectification constant

Front 21

speed of light

Back 21

3 x 10^8 m/sec

Front 22

What does the incident electron interact with for a Bremsstrahlung interaction?

Back 22

The nucleus

Front 23

In a Bremsstrahlung interaction, as the change in direction of the incident electron increases, what happens to photon energy

Back 23

Increases

Front 24

What level of electron is critical for a characteristic interaction?

Back 24

K shell---innermost

Front 25

When is an x-ray photon given off during a characteristic interaction

Back 25

When electrons jump shells to fill the vacancey

Front 26

Most photons produced in the diagnostic range are this type

Back 26

Bremsstrahlung

Front 27

Average primary beam photon has a keV energy of _________ of the set kVp

Back 27

30-40%

Front 28

Which go together?
kVp, mAs, quantity, quality

Back 28

kVP/Quality
mAs/Quantity

Front 29

If there is an increase in the kVp, what happens to the emission spectrum?

Back 29

Increase in amplitude and an increase in overall energy (shift to right)

Front 30

If there is an increase in mAs, what happens to the emission spectrum?

Back 30

Increase in amplitude

Front 31

Filtration's main purpose

Back 31

Decrease pt. dose

Front 32

When there is an increase in the amount of mmAl filtration, what happens to the emission spectrum graph?

Back 32

decrease in amplitude and an increase in overall energy of beam (right shift)

Front 33

When going from a single phase generator to a high frequency generator, what happens to the emission graph?

Back 33

increase in amplitude and slight shift to right

Front 34

The reduction in the number of x-ray photons in the beam as it passes through matter.

Back 34

Attenuation

Front 35

Why do barium and iodine work so well as contrast medias for radiology exams?

Back 35

high atomic #

Front 36

How much of the radiation exposure received by the general public is a result of medical radiographic exams?

Back 36

48-51% (NCRP Report 160)

Front 37

Name at least 2 things we can do to help decrease pt. dose and improve safety.

Back 37

--communicate effectively
--perfect positioning skills
--use tools such as immobilization
--know prime factors
--use optimal prime factors

Front 38

On which web site can you find the radiography practice standards?

Back 38

www.asrt.org

Front 39

The 3 prime factors that are under direct control of you as a radiographer

Back 39

mAs
kVp
SID

Front 40

What controls x-ray quantity?

Back 40

mAs

Front 41

What influences x-ray quantity?

Back 41

kVp, distance, filtration

Front 42

What controls x-ray quality?

Back 42

kVp

Front 43

What inflluences x-ray quality?

Back 43

filtration

Front 44

What gives us our tube current?

Back 44

mA

Front 45

mA x T = _______

Back 45

mAs

Front 46

mAs controls _________ in film/screen radiography

Back 46

density/darkness; pt. exposure

Front 47

mAs controls _________ in digital radiography

Back 47

pt. exposure

Front 48

300 mA , 0.5 sec ____________mAs

Back 48

150 mAs

Front 49

What happens to the penetrating power of our x-ray beam as kVp decreases?

Back 49

Goes down

Front 50

An increase in kVp of 15% is equal to _________ mAs

Back 50

doubling

Front 51

What is the inverse square law? (In words)

Back 51

The intensity of the x-ray photon is inversely related to the square of the distance from the source

Front 52

What is the ISL formula?

Back 52

Intesity 1/Intensity 2 = Distance 2^2/Distance 1^2

Front 53

What is the direct square law? (in words)

Back 53

The density on a radiograph is proportional to the square of the distance.

Front 54

What are other names for the direct square law?

Back 54

Density-distance formula
Density Maintenance formula

Front 55

What is post-processing

Back 55

Altering the image in the digital system after exposure and processing.