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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is not a biological category
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Race
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What biologist belevies that race is a biological category
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Linnause
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What is race used to justify
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The inequalities and exploitations created by colonialism
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How is race a social construct?
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an idea created by men not nature
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What gave people a scientific reasoning to use slaves
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racism
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When was slavery abolished in Canada
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1833
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When was salvery present in USA
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1619-1865
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Who are still more likely to be poor and uneducated today
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Black Americans
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What were black people advertised as
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something to be sold
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Greek word for ethnic
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Ethnos
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What was an attempt to get rid of racial groups
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Ethnicity
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Ethnic Groups:
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a named social category of people based on perceptions of shared social experience or ancestry
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Perception:
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Can be used by a person or can be imposed (multidimensional)
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Is human interaction active or passive
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active
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Defining COntent of Ethnicity:
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1. Socially constructed 2. Flexible 3. Changeable |
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What notion about ethnicity is wrong?
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the notion that we have one identity
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What is Ethnic Identity influenced by?
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The context in which the behaviour occurs and the boundaries are drawn
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Nested Identity:
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multiple ethnicities
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Legal Identity:
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Social Identity
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Ethnic Boundary markers:
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the way you act in situations differently
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Hakka Women ethnic markers:
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Hats
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What did Fredrik Barth say about ethnicityÉ
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It is a relationship and a process
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What is your legal identity
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Your social Identity with perceptions
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Situationalists:
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Achieved and constructed Flexible and CHanging |
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Primordialists:
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Never changing Inhertited Caste Race |
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Why did tribal identities become strong in African mining towns?
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because they were exposed to different people
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Imagined community:
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Diverse but we all share something in common despite knowing eachother or now
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What is an imagined community
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a nation
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What does it mean by "we are Berliners"
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Believe in freedome and democracy (JFK)
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American Revolution ended what?
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Slavery
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Who put forward multiculturalism in Canada?
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Pierre Trudean
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When did Pierre Trudeau put multiculturalism forward in Canada
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after Quebec Crises
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Melting Pot:
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The idea that if you are part of a nation, you are that nation and nothing else (If you live in America you are American
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Salad Bowl:
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Each person, though they live in Canada, can have their own ethnicity
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Basic Assumption of migration studies:
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Location of a persons Body in physical space is the main factor in determining their social life and cultural expectations
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What raises questions about the basic assumption of migration studies?
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Globalization (loyalties and bodies may be differentially located)
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Diasporas:
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An ethnic group whose members are scattered in different places within a country or throughout the world
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Remittances:
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money sent back to home country
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How much money in remittances in US in the year 2002
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more than 80 million
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First Largest Capital flow
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FDI
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Second Largest Capital Flow
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Remittances
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Third largest Capital Flow
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ODA
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What do remittency have a strong tendency towards
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primodial approach (once a chines, always a Chinese)
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What was China unified
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1949
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What did china impose in 1949
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closed door policy
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When did CHina open their doors to economic reform
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1978
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When did hong kong become part of Chine
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1977
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Hong Kong Investors as patriots to their mother land:
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often disliked communist motherland, but felt they had to help their native place .
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Most important kind of conflict:
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ethnic conflict
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What can strengthen ethnic identity
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ethnic conflict
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What can many ethnic conflicts be traced back too>
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Arbitrary colonial borders and colonizers brining in non-native labourers
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Pim Fortuyn:
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Duth Politician with anti muslim views
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What did Pim Fortuyn want to do
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end all immigration
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QUebec CHarter of Values:
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would bane all public employees from wearing religious symbols
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Barbaric practices:
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COnservative Party candidate: Forced marriages/ polygyny should be ban
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Canadian Values Act:
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screening all refugees / immigration applicant for anti-Canadian values.
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Audrey Smedley:
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States that reality lies in set of individual attitudes and beleifs about human differences
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HUman Genome Project was ran by:
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Francis Collins
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Francis Collins on race:
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race is a term without an agreed upon definiktion
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4 objections to naturalness of race
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Nobody can say how many races there are Race classification selection is based on certain physical characteristics (appearance) and not others There is more genetic variation within races than between them the classification and evaluation for race is always changing |
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Dante Puzzo:
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1. historian 2. proposed that race is a modern idea |
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Johan Blumen bach and his four races:
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1. European 2. American 3. Asian 4. African |
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What was the fifth race Johan Blumenberg later added
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Malayan
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What did Johan Blumenbach say about race:
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That we cannot put limits on races
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Racial Thinking:
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The belief that humanity is divided into scientifically, observable, homogenous distinct bio types
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Anthropometry:
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Measure of human bodies to determine what group they should belong too
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Facial Angle:
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- Measurement form forehead to node ridge. - Sharper angles mean more primitive |
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Miscengenation:
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Undesirable effects of mixing different genetic types
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Cephalix Index:
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Measure of skull and brain volume; shape Higher index = rounder head = more intelligence |
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Eugenics:
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Selective breeding to make an optimal type
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Franze Boas:
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Challenged racial thinking
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Five books of Franz Boaz:
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1. Anthropology and modern Life 2. Race 3. Culture 4. Language 5. Race and democratic Society |
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Who believed that racial thinking was a mans most dangerous myth
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Ashley Montagu
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Who wrote Myth of negro past
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Melville Herkvits
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Ethnogenesis:
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the process in which ethnic groups come into being and gain cultural characteristics
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Hyland and Erikson:
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Five types of Ethnic Groups: 1. Urban Ethnic Minorities 2. INdiginous people 3. Protonation 4. Ethnic groups in plural societies 5. Post slave minorities |
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Pluralism:
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co-existence of cultural groups
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Three types of assimilation :
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1. cultural 2. Structural / social 3. racial |
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CUltural Assimilation:
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Loss of cultural traits |
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Racial assimilation
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Physical traits lost through intermarriage
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Social Assimilation
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Culture groups becoming assimilated into society q
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Ted Roberts & Harff:
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1. Ethnonationalists 2. Indigenous People 3. Communcal Contenders 4. Ethnoclasses |
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Ethnonationalists:
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Large and regional groups who live in boundaries of one or more states. Autonomy and independence
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COmmunal COntenders:
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Want to share power in central government
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Ethnoclasses:
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Culturally distinct minorities
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What influences economic practices
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environment
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Oikonomikos:
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economics in greek
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What does the greek origin of economics mean
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Refferes to more modest matter of househokd management
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Human economy:
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Reminds readers that economy is made and remade by people
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Anthrological perspective in economy:
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Emphasizes not all societies do economics the same way and economic ideas, practices and instituations of a society will be integrated
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Economic Problem:
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How to transform the environment into things we need to support life
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What is the ground floor of culture
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economy
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Means of production :
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form of labour
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Mode of Production (Marxist):
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Productive forces
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Relation of Production (Marxist):
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Social roles and relationships
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Economy of society:
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Mode + Relation Production
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What did early anthropology emphasize in economics:
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Production and distribution
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Base of economics:
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Production
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First system :
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Foraging
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Most recent Foraging:
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1. African Kalahari 2. Australian Aboriginals 3. Inuit People |
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What do foragers routinely do to landscape
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burn it to plant new things
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Typical Division of labour for foragers:
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Men: Hunting and animal work Women: Gathering and plant work |
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What society followed the typical forager pattern
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Warlpiri
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What are the two warning when it comes to the Warlpiri:
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1. not al animal work = hunting 2. And men could gather things they desired |
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Ernestine Friedl and three Foraging arrangement:
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1. - Men hunters - Women gathere 2. Men and women shared tasks 3. Women process hunt - men hunt |
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Hadza Tanzania: w |
Women = gather men = hunter |
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Phillipenes and Pygmies:
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Equal sharing
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Described the social groups of foragers
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small groups usually composed of kin in environemtns with low food supply
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Movement of foragers?
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mobile
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WHat did foragers of an emotional connection to
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animals and land
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Conflict in Foragers?
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Limited; usually over spiritual despute
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Rise of Pastoralism:
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10 thou - 12 thou
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Period of pastoralism:
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Neolithic (stone age)
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Work in pastoralism:
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tending and exploiting
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What did men rich in cattle have the option too?
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Wives
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how many wives could Barabaig men have if wealthy with cattle
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4 or five
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Gefuryed:
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man led a bull to another man in exchange for rights to cattle
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Transhumance:
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migratory patterns so animals could use up new land
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What kind of God's did [astoralism praise
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Male gods (sky god)
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Horticulture Pattern of Dani, New GUinea:
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mean : Heavy work women: plant and harvest |
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Horticulture pattern in Malaysia:
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Women and children slash men chop men and and boys make holes women and child plant (nothing privately owend ) |
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INdia Horitculture:
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Older men and women = clear Young men = slash (everything individually owned) |
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What type of God did Horticulture groups prais
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God's representing natural forces
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