///race And Ethnicity///

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Race

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a social classification

a group w/ inherited physical characteristics that distinguish it from another group

One race superior to others
A pure race exists

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Ethnicity

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__________ refers to cultural charac., people identify w/ one another on basis of common ancestry and cultural heritage

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Minority groups

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people who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination

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Dominant group-

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those who do the discriminating; the group w/ the most power, privilege and social status

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Shared characteristics of minority groups

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Membership in group is ascribed
Physical/cultural traits that distinguish them looked down on by dominant group
Unequally treated by dominant group
Tend to marry w/in own group
Tend to feel strong group solidarity

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Migration

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voluntary or involuntary

people who move from 1 place to another, they become the minority group.

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Emergence of minority groups

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Expansion of political boundaries
Migration- voluntary or involuntary
Shared characteristics of minority groups
Membership in group is ascribed
Physical/cultural traits that distinguish them looked down on by dominant group
Unequally treated by dominant group
Tend to marry w/in own group
Tend to feel strong group solidarity

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Ethnic identity

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Factors related to stronger sense of ethnic identity
Smaller in #, lesser power, different from nat’l identity, discrimination

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Ethnic work-

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how people construct their ethnicity

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Prejudice and discrimination

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Common around the world
Discrimination- an action- unfair treatment directed against an individual or group
Individual discrimination- negative treatment of one person by another
Institutional discrimination- negative treatment of a minority group that is built into society’s institutions
Home mortgages/ car loans/ health care

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Discrimination-

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an action- unfair treatment directed against an individual or group

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Individual discrimination-

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negative treatment of a minority group that is built into society’s institutions


e.g. car loans

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Racism

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discrimination based on race

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Prejudice

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an attitude or prejudging, usually in a negative way
Each group thinks others are inferior in some way
Older/less educated more prejudiced than younger/more educated

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Theories of prejudice
Functionalism

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The Nazis
Sherif study (1953)

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Sherif study (1953)

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They sent kids to an all boys camp. The boys automatically started making cliques on the bus. The researchers split up the cliques and put them with people they have not yet met. They soon became friends, and formed a unity.

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Conflict theory

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Groups pitted against one another
Capitalists keep workers insecure
Capitalists exploit racial/ethnic strife
Split labor market- workers divided among racial-ethnic and gender lines

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Split labor market

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workers divided among racial-ethnic and gender lines

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Theories of prejudice

Symbolic interactionism

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Labels create prejudice
Labels cause selective perception
Stereotypes and discrimination create a self-fulfilling prophecy
We learn prejudice thru our interaction w/ others

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genocide

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dominant group tries to destroy the minority

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Population transfer
indirect

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make life unbearable for members of a group so they leave “voluntarily”

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Population transfer
direct

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dominant group expels a minority

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Internal colonialism-

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how a country’s dominant group exploits minority groups for its economic advantage

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Segregation

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separation of racial/ethnic groups

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Assimilation-

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the process by which a minority is absorbed into the mainstream culture

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forced - forced to become dominant group

permissable - allowed to change at their own pace.

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What is the difference btwn the Forced and permissible assimilation?

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(white ethnics)

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Viewed as inferior when from countries other than England

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Because they look the same as white europeans.

Immigrants dropped customs/language

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How did white ethnic groups overcome discrimination?

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Latinos

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Largest minority group in U.S.
66% concentrated in 4 states
U.S. one of largest Spanish speaking nations in the world
Country of origin significant
Separated by social class, underrepresented in politics

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African Americans

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12% of pop.
Struggle for civil rights
Jim Crow laws segregated blacks/whites
Rosa Parks, MLK Jr.
1964- Civil Rights Act
Currently- lag behind in education, politics, and economics

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Asian americans

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4% of pop.
No unifying race or culture
1882- Chinese Exclusion Act
Japanese relocation camps
Currently- highest average income
Poverty not evenly distributed
Kids most likely grow up w/ two parents (compared to all other groups)
High rate of college graduation

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Native americans

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less than 1% of pop.
Variety of cultures
Treaties, genocide, population transfer
Separatism- separate gov’t, didn’t join U.S.
High rates of unemployment and poverty
Highest suicide rate (of all groups)