Race And Ethnic Relations

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Marriage is legally consdered the

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best way for 2 human beings to get together and learn one another.

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Even though interraicial marriage in the U.S. has increased in terms of population it is still

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THE EXECPTION and NOT THE RULE!

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Interracial marriage is a

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a. social integrator in many ways because it gives definition to the terms assimilation and accomodation b. ex: say 80 percent of the marriages were interracial, this would take a great deal of assimlation and high integration and a low rate would be the opposite of this.

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Ant-mesigination-1661

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"1. Laws outlawing interracial marriages.

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4. Alabama took it out of their books in 2000."

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Marriage

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Some of the main changesin Interracial Marriage happened after

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WWII

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In 1980, 1.30 percent of all married couples were

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interracial in U.S.

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In 2004 3.70 percent of all married couples were

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nterracial in U.S.

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Factors determining interracial marriage:

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"1. Sex Ratio - 50/50

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6. Age"

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Marriage

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Native Americans are the smallest ethnic group in the U.S. and are more prone to

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marrying outside of their group

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Endigamy

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marry within your group. It is a legalized social custom

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Summary of Interracial Marriages:

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"1. Typical person in the U.S. is a white person w/ non-white spouse.

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4. U.S. born Asians and Hispanics and Foreign-Whites and blacks are more likely to inter-marry than foreign born Asians and Hispanics and U.S. born Whites and Blacks because there exist traditions and cultural implications that almost force one to marry in theire ethnic backgrounds."

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Marriage

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What is the American dream in terms of housing?

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Owning your own Home

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How do you plan to own your own home?

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"a. Education

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c. Save Money"

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Housing

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Before the 1900s, people did not lead such segregated lives along the terms of economy because

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"

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2. Migration of African Americans from the south to the north and midewest, after WWI and WII, during the industrial era"

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Housing

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How did people intentionally create segreation?

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"1. Personal choices

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Everything is connected from housing to American dream to schooling to graduation rate to pay. EVERYTHING!"

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Housing

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What do you have to do to buy a house?

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"Find the house you want through:

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d. Internet"

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Housing

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Racial Steering

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if you call in a real estate agency, and you sound black, then they'll "steer" you towards a BLACK neighborhood

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Covenants

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"1. Appearance

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2. Uniformity"

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Housing

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Factors that contribute to Housing Segregation

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"1. Choice or Preference

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5. Segregation"

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Housing

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Index of dissimlarity 0 - 1 or 0 - 100

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"a. 100 = complete segregation

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c. Whites are comfortable living in an area with an index of 20"

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Housing

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Choice or Preference affects Housing Segregation the least using

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"1. Real Estate Industry

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3. Highway construction"

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Housing

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Real Estate Industry is racial steering when

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a. You call an agent, and you say you want to look at some houses b. They show you homes in certain neighborhoods based on your race c. This happens because of the consensus tha tif you are white, then you don't want to live in a black dominated neighborhood b/c the home value wil go down.

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Red Lining

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City maps drawn on with red lines in areas where investors were less likely to give loans for homes and green lines are drawn around areas they were more likely to give loans for homes. This is Illegal, but still goes on.

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Mis-match Theory

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"Highways are constructed through cities thereby splitting neighborhoods because 1. Most whites live outside inner city and move to the suburbs leaving behind predominantly rental units

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3. As a result of this, are very few jobs for rental units and professionals from outside the city live in the suburbs even though people in the city weren't unqalified "

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Housing

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Zoning

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"Determine how many people can occupy a unit

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c. 40 yr constant of segregation"

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Housing

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What is the connection between Housing Segregation and Education

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The higher the property taxes, the better funded the education system around that place becomes.

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Affirmative action ended up helping

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women more than it did minorites of color

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Admission process for School

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Now it is much harder for white males to go to school at UNC-Chapel because of the amount of different races and genders that are being accepted

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Who is Duke Cheston

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"White

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Bio-Major"

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Affirmative Action

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Affirmative action assumptions

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"

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6. Inter- group relations"

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Affirmative Action

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Stratification means

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inequality

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All social insitutions are

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intertwined and dependent upon one another

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In any society, there are conservatives or people who are

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"slow to change."

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We know what we know because of

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what we have learned from our families

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We can find out if there is racisim and discrimination within our social insitutions by using

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"Proxy measures:

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6. Health"

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Stratification

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Proxy rates look at money, job, owning your own house, education, family, and health to see

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how they differ by racial group

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The U.S. has the highest

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intermarriage rate out of all industrialized countries.

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90percent of us will be

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married one day.

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In 2004, 3.65 percent of married couples in the U.S. were

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interrracial.

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Interracial and interethnic marriages have recently increased because of

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immigration and integration of public schools.

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Interracial and Interethnic Marriages have resulted in a requirement not to

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discriminate in workplace so that all positions are open to any race with a higher education.

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Interracial Marriages result in children who are more likely themselves to be

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in a mixed marriage.

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Intermarriage between minority groups is more unlikely than

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intermarriage between the majority and the minority.

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Whites and African Americans have the lowest

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intermarriage rates among all of these minority groups.

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The most common intermarriage between minority groups is between

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African Americans and whites. 70 percent of those are comprised of a black man with a white wife.

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Asian women are much more likely to intermarry than

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Asian men because many of them were war brides

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U.S. born Hispanics and Asians and foreign born whites and blacks are morelikely to

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intermarry than foreign born Hispanics and Asians and U.S. born whites and blacks.

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Sex Ratio in the U.S. is

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comprised of the number of males per female in the population. Now it is 104 boys to every 100s girls.

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By the time a baby has reached 1 year of age the sex ratio switches because

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boy infants have a higher infant mortality rate than girl infants.

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The Marrying age is

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25 for women and for men and the sex ratio varies greatly among racial groups

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The Interracial Marriage Rate is inversely related to

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the size of the group. Specifically, the smaller the group the more likely they are to marry across ethnic lines. andin this case whites are the least likely to marry across the race and native americans are most likely to marry across the race.

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The racial group that has the skewed statistics is

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African Americans. For example, many believe that there are more women than black men because most are in jail.

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Ultimate assilmilation would be to

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marry across an ethnic group because by doing so, you are erasing the purity of any one group. This would void out the lines between ethnic groups because they are all mixed together.

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The expectations of the majority group do not encourage intermarriage

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but do encourage assilmilation.

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This was illegal for many years

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intermarriage.

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In the past, these laws were imposed on intermarriage

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anti-miscegenation laws.

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Anti miscengenation laws were laws that

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1. Forbade marriage between races. 2. Were taken out of the books in 1957 because a white and black couple from VA went to D.C. after they were arrested, convicted, and suspended from VA for 25yrs. for their interracial marriage. 3. At the time, 16 states had to take this law out of the books, but Alabama didn't until 2000.

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It matters whether you are married or not married as adults because there are many incentives for being married and the government encourages people to marry people legally by

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"

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c. Giving the chance sign legally binding papers "

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Family

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Neighborhoods are very

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segregated.

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There used to be convenants only allowing

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specific racial groups to live in certain neighborhoods.

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The best way to build wealth in the U.S. is by

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"taking out a mortgage and buying a home because

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2. People pay for college by taking out a loan from the equity of their home."

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Housing

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Buying a home is very important for

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family's wealth.

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compared to 5-6 years ago, home mortgages

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have opened to many more people

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All of these are interconnected by institutionalized racism

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"a. Housing,

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c. Marriage"

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Family

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Graphical Overview of Race and Ethnic Relations in U.S.

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"Ethnocentrism Paternalistic

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Social change Separation "

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Housing

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Recap of Intermarriage

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"1. By intermarrying the demographics are changed

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13. Chinese families can only have one child and they would rather have a boy due to their patricarchal society. girl children are either aborted or sent to orphanages."

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Marriage

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The index of Disimilarity is

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measured on a scale from 0-100 or 0-10

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In the index of Disimilarity 0 is

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total integration meaning that the racial and ethnic groups are proportional to the whole population.

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In the index of Disimilarity 100 or 10 is

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means complete segregation

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Current Housing Facts in the U.S.

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"1. Whites live in neighborhoods that are over 80 percent White

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3. Hispanics live in neighborhoods that are 40percent Hispanic."

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Family

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Individual Explanations for Housing Discrimination

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"a. Individual Choice- people want to live around people who are like them consequently in a free market system, choosing a house plays into this view

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b. Economic Issues -the entire process of buying a house involves racial and ethnic issues. c. You have to have money. The main conditoin for buying houses many years ago was that you had to be wealthy d. After the 40s during WWII, many men came back and married and had children and needed a place to live-Literal Discriimination"

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Housing

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Post-WWII in 1940s, many men came back to the U.S., married with children, but needed a place to live because

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"1. Few places to live in the urban areas

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7. The beginnings of suburbia occured when people moved out of uran areas"

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Housing

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Public Policy is composed of restricted convenants because

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1. It is applied to almost every one not in same social class and race 2. It can still be on the books, but can't have a racial or ethnic overtone. 3. Most towns have them for the purpose of keeping everything equal - For example, in certain neighborhoods you can only put up wooden or white picket fencees, not chain linked.

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What three private practices and industries discriminated the most in housing?

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"a. Real estate

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c. Appraisals "

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Housing

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This discriminatory practice was used by real estate agents but has now been outlawed.

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Racial Steering, which is when you show people houses in certain areas based on their ethnic or racial group

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Block Busting

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1. Happens when real estate agents went into neighborhoods and requested people who were moving out to sell their houses to them. 2. After they sold their home, the real estate companies would turn right around and sell the house to a minority buyer for more more money. 3. This is illegal, but it still happens.

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Banking Industries and Lending institutions practiced housing discrimination by

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"1. Redlining-Bank officials would get a map of a city and draw red and green lines around certain areas.

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3. If they lived in the red area, they wouldn not get a loan. 4. In theory it was a way to cover losses from the bank 5. In reality it segregated the races."

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Housing

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Appraisal Industry practiced Housing Discrimination by

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Appraising housing in a green area differently than housing in a red area because where a house is matters more than what a house is.

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Fair Housing Act

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was supposed to get rid of the practice of appraising housing in green areas differently from housing in red areas.get rid of housing in green area being appraised differently than housing in red areas, but this still exists.

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In Chapel Hill, the median cost of a house is over 300,000dollars. What happens as a result of this

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"a. Large number of people cut out who can not afford to live here

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b. The custodial staff can't afford to live in the city so they relocate to Carrboro, Pittsborough, or Hillsborough."

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Housing

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Adjustable Rate Mortgage was intruced equally for people who

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normally couldn't get a home, but people are defaulting now

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Detroit is the most segregated area because it has a

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integration or segregation index of 80 percent

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In housing, there has been a dramatic increase in

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housing payments

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The government is trying to get lending industries to

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work with the people that they gave loans to, but the industries do not want to do it because they will lose money if that happens.

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Right now, eespecially with homes valued at 250,000 and above,

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there are more houses available than can really be sold.

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When the middle class defaults

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the industry is in trouble

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You are allowed to take interest

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off mortgages from tax income.

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You can use the equity on your

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home to get a loan to pay for college.

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Wealth

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makes a tremendous difference forchildren and the education they will recieve.

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There are 7 reasons for segregated schools:

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"1. Pubic Education is supposed to serve everyone

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"

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Stratification

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Education depends on

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parental education and social class

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Students with ext remely high grades or low grades get attention

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But, average students get ignored.

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A college degree now equates to

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what a high school diploma did about 50 years ago

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There is a sense among U.S. citizens that affirmative action should be

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should be done away with.