Race

Front 1

Which is not one of the characteristics of the Indigenous justice paradigm?

Back 1

Vertical Power Structure

Front 2

Which ethnic/racial group has the least amount of confidence in the courts?

Back 2

Blacks

Front 3

What is the relationship of being released on bail and whether someone is convicted?

Back 3

98% of people released on bail were acquitted

Front 4

What does the 8th amendment say bout bail?

Back 4

should not be excessive

Front 5

Bail statutes require judges to consider risk factors of what type?

Back 5

race of victim

Front 6

In the early 20th century Mexicans in LA were represented by a stellar public defense system?

Back 6

true

Front 7

What Supreme Court case ruled that all felony defendants have a right to counsel?

Back 7

Gideon vs. Wainwright

Front 8

What concept explains when jurors ignore the evidence and acquit someone who is guilty?

Back 8

Jury Nullification

Front 9

The use of what practice allows both the prosecution and defense to remove jurors without cause?

Back 9

Voir Dire

Front 10

Early in American history, plea bargaining was frowned upon by JS officials?

Back 10

True

Front 11

In the event of a jury trial, the jury selection process begins with, or the selection of a jury pool?

Back 11

venire

Front 12

Race and jury pool (selection)

Back 12

true

Front 13

____ is credited with starting the first drug court in 1989

Back 13

Dade County, FL

Front 14

Crimes committed by non-Indians on reservations?

Back 14

False

Front 15

The focus of drug courts and punishment.

Back 15

False

Front 16

The only concern with drug courts is that they cost more than incarcerating offenders.

Back 16

False

Front 17

According to recent research drug court participants tend to have lower recidivism rates than non drug court participants.

Back 17

True

Front 18

The Indigenous Paradigm of Justice values written records

Back 18

False

Front 19

Racial disparities in sentencing have only been found in studies focusing on felony sentencing.

Back 19

False

Front 20

The justification for punishments amount to what are generally referred to as “philosophies of punishment” or___?

Back 20

Sentencing philosophies

Front 21

What concept represents the punishment given most of the slaves in early colonial cases reviewed in the text

Back 21

Whipping

Front 22

Three strikes you’re out laws and recent sentencing innovation.

Back 22

True

Front 23

What is the Supreme Court case that decided that mandatory crack penalties were advisory in nature and judges could take into account sentencing disparities related to different types of drugs?

Back 23

Kimbrough vs. United States

Front 24

What was the ethnic group that was involved in most of the crime in Colonial NY?

Back 24

English

Front 25

The “get tough” approach included what acts except?

Back 25

Excludes mandatory minimum statuses

Front 26

One of the most popular sentencing approaches adopted during the 197s was?

Back 26

Presumptive Sentencing Guidelines

Front 27

Once the Federal Sentencing Guidelines were enacted in 1984, federal parole was eliminated?

Back 27

True

Front 28

The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy was officially established under the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988

Back 28

True

Front 29

Separating sentencing research into 4 waves, this scholar provided a summary of the diverse research on race and sentencing?

Back 29

Zatz

Front 30

What factors was not found by Spohn to be a contributor to racial minorities being sentenced more harshly than Whites?

Back 30

More education

Front 31

Which sentencing philosophy is not tied to the conservative approach or crime control model?

Back 31

Deterrence

Front 32

Bill Clinton was the president who pushed to equalize the crack-cocaine and powder cocaine sentences?

Back 32

False

Front 33

Recent court cases have made more a large # of prisoners convicted of crack-cocaine offenses eligible for early release.

Back 33

True

Front 34

Do Asian Americans have greater representation in the judiciary than Blacks?

Back 34

false

Front 35

Between what yrs did sentences on drug charges increase by more than 1,000%?

Back 35

Between 1980 and 1992

Front 36

More than 150 yrs ago, he became the first black man to be appointed as a judge.

Back 36

Robert Morris

Front 37

What group was at the top of Catteral’s Hierarchy of Social Precedence in Colonial America?

Back 37

White indigent servants

Front 38

An increasing finding in studies of both state and federal courts is that are receiving the harshest sentences.

Back 38

Blacks

Front 39

What concept was the term used to describe the large # of offenses that resulted in the death sentence in England

Back 39

Bloody Codes

Front 40

What courts cases resulted in elimination of the use of the death penalty in rape cases?

Back 40

Coker vs. Georgia

Front 41

Which of the following is not one of the primary challenges faced by the wrongfully convicted who are exonerated?

Back 41

Compensation

Front 42

In 1740, what state imposed the death penalty on slaves and free blacks for burning or destroying any grain, commodities, or manufactured goods?

Back 42

South Carolina

Front 43

What state has not been one of the more active death penalty states since 1977?

Back 43

Mississippi 7 since 1976

Front 44

The thesis that states replaced lynchings with the death penalty is known as?

Back 44

Subsitution Thesis

Front 45

Within the last 50 yrs, what countries have eliminated the death penalty except?

Back 45

Argentina

Front 46

It is likely the death penalty is still used as a punishment in the US b/c?

Back 46

Strong public support

Front 47

During the slave era, masters were not compensated for the execution of their slaves?

Back 47

False

Front 48

Some states have compensation packages for wrongfully-convicted offenders.

Back 48

False

Front 49

What Supreme Court Justice is known for his hypotheses regarding public opinion on the death penalty?

Back 49

Thurgood Marshall

Front 50

Blacks with higher incomes tend to be more approving of the DP than lower income blacks.

Back 50

True

Front 51

Most of the persons who have been executed since the reinstitution of the DP in 1977 are white.

Back 51

True

Front 52

This initiative examined numerous aspects of jurors who served on cases involving the DP?

Back 52

Capital Jury Project

Front 53

Racial groups support or lack thereof for the death penalty?

Back 53

true

Front 54

This philosophy is based on the premise that since the CJS works for most citizens, we can tolerate it when a small # of citizens is wrongfully convicted?

Back 54

Trial by combat

Front 55

What factors contributes to a wrongful conviction except?

Back 55

Jury gender

Front 56

The actions of former Illinois Gov. George Ryan sparked this movement?

Back 56

Death Penalty

Front 57

According to recent research murders involving white female’s victims decreases the likelihood that one will receive the DP?

Back 57

False

Front 58

The 1976 Supreme Court decision that allowed states that used guided discretion statues to reinstitute the DP was?

Back 58

Gregg vs. Georgia