Quiz One (Hinduism, Jainism, And Buddhism)

Front 1

Nyaya

Back 1

means "analysis"; started ca. 200 BC - 200 AD...central focus is epistemological

Front 2

Vaisheshika

Back 2

"school of atomism, or individual characteristics"...central focus = distinction between soul and matter..soul must free itself from matter

Front 3

Sankhya

Back 3

means "enumeration or count." Might be the oldest tradition. An innumerable amount of souls are entangled in matter...souls must escape matter

Front 4

Yoga

Back 4

means "discipline"; famous for physical and spiritual exercises...shares metaphysics of the Sankhya school

Front 5

Mimamsa

Back 5

means "enquiry"; 1) stresses the systematic study of the Vedic texts, 2) regard said texts as eternal, and 3) concentrates of vedic ritual.

Front 6

Vedantic

Back 6

means "the end of knowledge"; focuses on achieving moksha upon the realization that there is no distinction between the self and the cosmic self (Brahman).

Front 7

Advaita vedanta

Back 7

A school within the Vedantic tradition; stems from the teachings of Shankara (ca. 9th century). He taught strict non-dualism, i.e. pantheism

Front 8

Vishisht advaita

Back 8

A school within the Vedantic tradition; developed from the teachings of Ramanuja (cf. 11th century); focused on loving and worshipping God, resulting in 'qualified non-dualism'

Front 9

Dvaita

Back 9

A school within the Vedantic tradition; inspired by the overly dualist teachings of Madhva (ca. 13th century)

Front 10

Vedic period

Back 10

ca. 1500-600 BC; the fundamental elements of Hindu theology and philosophy formed.

Front 11

Agni

Back 11

the god of fire, linked with sacrifice

Front 12

Indra

Back 12

the warrior god, linked with thunder

Front 13

Varuna

Back 13

the god of the sky, linked with the day and water

Front 14

Rudra

Back 14

the mountain god

Front 15

Dyauspitr

Back 15

the father of heaven

Front 16

Surya

Back 16

the god of the sun

Front 17

Brahman

Back 17

the cosmic soul, the highest deity

Front 18

Vishnu

Back 18

the god who controls the fate of humans

Front 19

Shiva

Back 19

the destroyer god, a source of both good and evil

Front 20

Sarasvati

Back 20

consort to Brahman and the goddess of knowledge and truth

Front 21

Lakshimi

Back 21

wife of Vishnu and the goddess of fortune and beauty

Front 22

Chaitra

Back 22

March-April

Front 23

Vaisakha

Back 23

April-May

Front 24

Jyaistha

Back 24

May-June

Front 25

Asadha

Back 25

June-July

Front 26

Dvitya Asadha

Back 26

(certain leap years)

Front 27

Sravana

Back 27

July-August

Front 28

Dvitya Sravana

Back 28

(certain leap years)

Front 29

Bhadrapada

Back 29

August-September

Front 30

Asvina

Back 30

September-October

Front 31

Kartikka

Back 31

October-November

Front 32

Margasirsa

Back 32

November-December

Front 33

Pausa

Back 33

December-January

Front 34

Magha

Back 34

January-February

Front 35

Phalguna

Back 35

February-March

Front 36

Ramanavami (Lord Rama's birthday)

Back 36

Chaitra S 9

Front 37

Rathayatra (Pilgrimage of the Chariot at Jagannath)

Back 37

Asadha S 2

Front 38

Jhulanayatra ("Swinging the Lord Krishna")

Back 38

Sravana S 11-15

Front 39

Rakshabandhana ("Tying on Lucky Threads")

Back 39

Sravana S 15

Front 40

Janamashtami (Birthday of Lord Krishna)

Back 40

Bhadrapada K 8

Front 41

Navaratri (Festival of "Nine Nights")

Back 41

Asvina S 1-10

Front 42

Lakshmi-puja (Homage to the goddess Lakshmi)

Back 42

Asvina S 15

Front 43

Diwali, Dipavali ("String of Lights")

Back 43

Asvina K 15

Front 44

Maha-sivaratri (Great Night of Lord Shiva)

Back 44

Magha K 13

Front 45

Holi (Festival of Fire)

Back 45

Phalguna S 14

Front 46

Ahimsa

Back 46

The principle of non-violence and non-injury to living creatures

Front 47

Aryans

Back 47

Migrating groups of Eastern Europeans who settled in India (ca. 2000-1500 BC)

Front 48

Atman

Back 48

The real self which is linked to Brahman

Front 49

Brahman

Back 49

The cosmic soul; the highest deity

Front 50

Brahmins

Back 50

The priestly caste, which is the highest caste in Hinduism

Front 51

Indus Valley

Back 51

The site of a highly developed civilization in India, dating from ca. 2500 BC

Front 52

Krishna

Back 52

(or Krsna) One of the most popular gods in Hinduism. In later Hindu theology, Krishna was considered an avatar (incarnation) of Vishnu.

Front 53

Oblation

Back 53

A sacrifice; an offering

Front 54

Sages

Back 54

Wise people

Front 55

Samadhi

Back 55

A deep trance that can provide a foretaste of heavenly unity with the Lord.

Front 56

Samsara

Back 56

The interconnected process of birth and rebirth.

Front 57

Shiva

Back 57

The destroyer god, a source of both good and evil.

Front 58

Soma

Back 58

The Hindu deity of an intoxicating plant, which was used during Hindu worship.

Front 59

Swami

Back 59

Lord, master; the term used for a Hindu teacher.

Front 60

Upanishads

Back 60

The writings that were written by Hindu gurus over the period between 800 and 300 BC

Front 61

Veda

Back 61

Literally, "knowledge." There are four collections of the Vedas, which form a central part of the Hindu scriptures.

Front 62

Vedantic philosophy

Back 62

Vedantic is the "culmination of the Vedas." This term describes the tradition emerging from the Vedas.

Front 63

Vishnu

Back 63

An important Hindu god. Literally, "the all-pervasive one."

Front 64

Yogi

Back 64

A Hindu who practices the Yoga system. Yoga (discipline) can lead to moksha.

Front 65

Ahimsa (Jainism)

Back 65

Practice of non-violence and respect for all living, sentient beings.

Front 66

Jain

Back 66

Literally "conqueror" -- one who has overcome attachments that obscure knowledge and prevent freedom of the soul

Front 67

Digambara

Back 67

Literally, "sky-clad." One of Jainism's two major sects that is more conservative. Monks in this sect often forgo clothing and women are believed to be incapable of attaining liberation.

Front 68

Karma (Jainism)

Back 68

Obstacles that stand the way of spiritual liberation; attachments to worldly realities.

Front 69

Mahavira

Back 69

Indian-born prince (ca. 599-527) who was the last of twenty-four Tirthankaras to break the karmic cycle and attain enlightenment

Front 70

Mantra

Back 70

A focused meditative chant.

Front 71

Puja

Back 71

Embodied prayer involving movement and chanting.

Front 72

Samanis

Back 72

Female Jains who assume a semi-monastic status by taking vows. They lead an ascetic lifestyle while also traveling and teaching about Jainism.

Front 73

Svetambara

Back 73

Literally, "white-clad." One of Jainism's two major sects that is more liberal -- allowing monks to wear white clothing and women to be ordained as nuns.

Front 74

Three jewels

Back 74

Spiritual concepts meant to keep a person "on track" for spiritual liberation -- Right Faith, Right Knowledge, and Right Conduct.

Front 75

Tirthankara

Back 75

Jain God who through meditation and self-realization conquers obstacles to spiritual liberation, such as greed, evil, lust, and attachment, and is a model of Right Faith, Knowledge, and Conduct for other followers.

Front 76

Mahavira Jayanti

Back 76

To mark the day of Mahavira's birth.

Front 77

Paryushana

Back 77

An opportunity for repentance, reflection, and fasting.

Front 78

Mauna Agyaras

Back 78

A day of silence and fasting.

Front 79

Four Noble Truths

Back 79

1) There is suffering; 2) The cause of suffering is desire; 3) Cease desiring and you will cease suffering; 4) The eightfold path leads to the cessation of suffering.

Front 80

Eightfold Path

Back 80

Right View, Right Effort, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Means of Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration

Front 81

Parinirvana

Back 81

15 February

Front 82

Puja (Buddha's birthday)

Back 82

8 April

Front 83

Wesak/Viasakha

Back 83

16 May

Front 84

Padmasambhava Day

Back 84

10 July

Front 85

Dhamma Day/Asala

Back 85

14 July

Front 86

Sangha Day

Back 86

10 November

Front 87

Bodhi Day

Back 87

8 December

Front 88

Arahat

Back 88

A person who has reached absolute holiness -- the ideal of the Theravada group.

Front 89

Bhikkhus

Back 89

Monks

Front 90

Bhikkhunis

Back 90

Nuns

Front 91

Bodhisattva

Back 91

Literally, "an enlightened being." Those about to become buddhas (i.e. enlightened ones) have this title.

Front 92

Dharma (or dhamma)

Back 92

The buddhist teaching

Front 93

Dukkha

Back 93

Suffering or stress.

Front 94

Enlightenment

Back 94

A state beyond suffering, when the forces of greed, hatred, and delusion no longer have any power over a person.

Front 95

Gotama (Gautama)

Back 95

The clan name of the founder of Buddhism, who lived in Northern India during the sixth century BC

Front 96

Nirdanas (or nidanas)

Back 96

Causes. The heart of Buddhist philosophy. The Chain of Simultaneous Dependent Originations.

Front 97

Nirvana (nibbana)

Back 97

The ultimate goal for a Buddhist. The "blowing out" of greed, hatred, and delusion.

Front 98

Paramita

Back 98

Perfection. There are six (or ten) stages to perfection for the Bodhisattsva to take to Buddhahood

Front 99

Sangha

Back 99

The Buddhist community.

Front 100

Samsara

Back 100

The interconnected nature of the world; the cycle of rebirth.

Front 101

Siddha

Back 101

The perfect ones.