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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
measures the earth's circumference
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Eratosthenes
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uses a telescope to observe that the moons of Jupiter appear to circle
Jupiter. This evidence supports the heliocentric model, and weakens the geocentric model of the cosmos |
Galileo
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author of the Skeptical Chemist, uses an air pump to determine the inverse
relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas. This relationship came to be known as Boyle's Law |
Robert Boyle
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using a microscope, observes cells, which he describes in his book
Micrographia |
Robert Hooke
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the “Father of Microbiology” discovers microorganisms,
which he originally named “animalcules” |
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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makes the first quantitative estimate of the speed of light by timing the
motions of Jupiter's satellite Io with a telescope |
Ole Rømer
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suspends a bowl of water above a beer vat at a brewery and synthesizes
carbonated water. Priestley is better known for discovering dephlogisticated air |
Joseph Priestley
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determines that oxygen combines with materials upon combustion,
thus disproving phlogiston theory |
Antoine Lavoisier
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determines that chemical reactions in a closed container do not alter
total mass. From these observations he establishes the law of conservation of mass |
Antoine Lavoisier
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tests his hypothesis for the protective action of mild cowpox infection for
smallpox, the first vaccine ( |
Edward Jenner
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uses a torsion bar experiment to measure the density of the earth.
Cavendish is also known as the discoverer of hydrogen |
Henry Cavendish
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uses the double-slit experiment to demonstrate the wave-particle
duality of light. |
Thomas Young
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uses electrolysis to isolate elemental potassium, sodium, calcium,
strontium, barium, magnesium, and chlorine |
Humphry Davy
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studies reactions among gases and determines that their
volumes combine chemically in simple integer ratios |
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
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discovers the connection of electricity and magnetism by
experiments involving a compass and electric circuits. This is later termed electromagnetism |
Hans Christian Ørsted
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studies very small pollen particles in water under the microscope and
observes Brownian motion which was later named in his honor |
Robert Brown
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synthesizes the organic compound urea using inorganic reactants,
disproving the application of vitalism to chemical processes |
Friedrich Wöhler
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measures the rates of effusion for different gases and establishes
Graham's law of effusion and diffusion |
Thomas Graham
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arranges to have trumpets played from a passing train. The groundobserved
pitch was higher than that played when the train was approaching then lower than that played as the train passed and moved away, demonstrating the Doppler Effect |
Christian Doppler
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namesake Foucault pendulum is first exhibited. It demonstrates the
Coriolis effect and the rotation of the Earth |
Léon Foucault's
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experiments with the garden pea led him to surmise many of the
fundamental laws of genetics (dominant vs recessive genes, the 1-2-1 ratio, etc). His work is best summarized with the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment |
Gregor Mendel'
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uses S-shaped flasks to prevent spores from contaminating broth,
disproving the theory of Spontaneous Generation (also known as abiogenesis). This experiment was an extension of the rancid meat experiment of Francesco Redi |
Louis Pasteur
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discovers a voltage across a conductor with a transverse applied magnetic
field, the Hall Effect |
Edwin Hall
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inoculates Joseph Meister after the nine year old was bitten by a rabid dog.
This is the first successful vaccine against rabies |
Louis Pasteur
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experiment exposes weaknesses in the then-accepted theory of
luminiferous ether. |
Michelson-Morley
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determines the impact of temperature on reaction rates and formulates
the concept of activation energy |
Svante Arrhenius
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isolate the noble gases
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William Ramsay and Lord Rayleigh
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discover radioactivity and describe its
properties |
Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie, and Pierre Curie
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cathode ray tube experiments (discovers the electron and its
negative charge) |
Joseph John Thomson's
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oil-drop experiment, suggests that electric charge occurs as quanta
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Robert Millikan
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demonstrates superconductivity
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Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
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gold foil experiment demonstrates that the positive charge and
mass of an atom is concentrated in a small, central atomic nucleus, disproving the thenpopular plum pudding model of the atom |
Ernest Rutherford's
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creates and isolates five transuranium elements. He
reorganizes the periodic table to its current form. |
Glenn Theodore Seaborg
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isolates penicillin from bread mold, winning him the Nobel Prize for
Medicine |
Alexander Fleming
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breeds maize plants for color, which leads to the discovery of
transposons or jumping genes. |
Barbara McClintock
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fabricate the first working
transistor at Bell Labs |
John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain
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delineate the path of carbon in photosynthesis using
Chlorella and carbon dioxide labeled with carbon-14, winning the 1961 Nobel Prize in Medicine |
Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson
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detect the cosmic microwave background radiation,
giving support to the theory of the Big Bang |
Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
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