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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What disease is from lesions in the putamen which leads to flicking movements in the hands, face, and body parts?
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Chorea or Huntingtons
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What consists of myelinated fibers that pass through the nervous system between gray areas?
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White Matter
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What percent of humans have the left side that controls spoken language, does math, is analytical, and thinks logically?
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93%
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Many people who are left handed and male are what side dominant most likely?
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Right side dominant
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What means "use both hands"?
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Ambidexterity
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What type of condition does cerebral confusion cause?
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Dyslexia
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What controls mental processes like intelligence, thinking, memory, personality, speech, and emotions?
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Cerebral Hemisphere
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What are made of axons that carry impulses from one part of the brain or spinal cord to another?
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Tract
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What are the 3 major tracts?
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Projection, Association, and Commissural
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What tract interconnects the cerebral cortex with lower brain centers and the spinal cord?
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Projection tract
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What is a major projection tract that passes in between the globus pallidus and the thalmus?
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Internal Capsule
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What tract interconnects neurons that are located within the same hemisphere?
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Assocation Tract
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What tracts interconnect the right hemisphere with the left hemisphere?
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Commissural Tracts
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Which of the three commissures is the largest?
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Corpus Callosum
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What three parts does the diencephalon consist of?
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Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
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What is the largest part of the diencephalon?
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Thalamus
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What part of the diencephalon is the relay station for sensory reception?
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Thalamus
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What is the "clearinghouse" for all the information in the diencephalon?
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Thalamus
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What part of the diencephalon is the visceral control center in the body?
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Hypothalamus
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What are "little breasts"?
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Mammilary Bodies
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What means "mind over body"?
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Psychosomatics
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What is the clearinghouse for the ANS and fundamental in the production of an emotional response?
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Hypothalamus
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What controls sleep and walking cycles?
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Syprachiasmatic Nucleus
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Where is our appetite center located?
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Ventromedial Nucleus
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What is in control of maintaining body temperature?
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Preoptic nucleus
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What are some autonomic functions that nuclei control?
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Heart rate, blood pressure, gut motility, respiratory pattern, and pupil size
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What in the hypothalamus are thirst and water balance controlled by?
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Osmoreceptors
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What is the emotional center of the brain?
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Limbic System
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What 2 hormones does the hypothalamus produce?
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Oxytocin and ADH
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What part of the diencephalon includes the choroid plexus and the pineal body?
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Epithalamus
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What is a vascular network that produces cerebrospinal fluid?
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Choroid Plexus
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What in the epithalamus secretes melatonin, which is a hormone that induces sleep?
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Pineal Body
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What is also known as the "third eye" in some reptiles?
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Pineal Body
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What originates in the limbic system?
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Psychosomatic Illnesses
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What is known as the cognitive brain?
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Prefrontal lobes of the cerebrum
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What does the limbic system play a role in?
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Memory
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What part of the brain is located on the top of the brain stem?
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Mesencephalon
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What part of the brain is preprogrammed to provide behavior that is necessary for survival?
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Mesencephalon
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WHat are the tree trunks of axons?
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Peduncles
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What is the channel between the third and fourth ventricles through which cerebrospinal fluid passes?
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Iter
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What is the bulge from the top of the midbrain?
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Corpora Quadrigemina
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What are the 2 superior bulges of the corpora that coordinates eye movements?
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Superior Colliculi
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What are the 2 inferior bulges that relay hearing reception to the cerebrum?
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Inferior Colliculi
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What is located inside the midbrain that is dark because it contains melanin pigment, which is a precursor molecule to dopamine?
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Substantia Nigra
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What part of the brain consists of the pons and cerebrum?
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Metencephalon
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What part of the metencephalon is known as the "bridge"?
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Pons
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What part of the metencephalon is made of tracts that pass from higher brain parts to the spinal cord, plus nuclei for CN 5,6,7?
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Pons
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What seperates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
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Transverse Fissure
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What is the second largest part of the brain?
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Cerebellum
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What is the coordination of body movements?
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Proprioception
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What maintains balance, posture, and equilibrium?
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Cerebellum
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What is where the left side controls the left side of the body?
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Ipsilateral
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What is a violent expulsion of air from the mouth resulting from rapid expiratory muscle contraction with the glottis open?
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Coughing
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Is coughing voluntary, involuntary, or both?
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Both
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What is like coughing, but with the mouth closed?
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Sneezing
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What are repeated, involuntary, spasmodic contractions of the diaphragm with sudeen closure of the epiglottis?
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Hiccups
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What begins as early as the 5th month of fetal life and can last for years?
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Hiccups
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What is a deep breath with the mouth wide open which probably results from brain hypoxia and is contagious?
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Yawning
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What is aforceful ejection of stomach contents resulting from irritation to the heart, uterus, gall bladder, appendix, and mucous membranes?
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Vomiting
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What is another word for vomiting?
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Emesis
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What is a functional division of the brain that consists of parts from the medulla, pons, and midbrain?
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Reticular formation
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What prevents much of the filtering and causes sensory overload?
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LSD
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What is the outermost, tough, layer that is not attached to bones of the spine?
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Dura Mater
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What space in the dura mater is filled with fat and vessels lie between dura and bone?
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Epidural Space
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What is known as the "tough mother"?
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Dura Mater
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What are the 3 meningeal layers?
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Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and Pia mater
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What meningeal layer lies against the spinal cord?
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Pia Mater
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What meningeal layer is known as the "gentle mother"?
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Pia Mater
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What in the pia mater anchors the spinal cord to prevent its movement within the vertebral canal?
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Filum Terminale
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What are the 3 major tract divsions?
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Posterior, Lateral, and Anterior Funiculus
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What major tract division is all sensory?
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Posterior Funiculus
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What tract division is motor for arms and legs and sensory for everything else?
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Lateral Funiculus
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What major tract division is sensory to light touch?
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Anterior Funiculus
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How many pair of spinal nerves are there?
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31
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What type of neuron enters the spinal cord?
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Sensory Neurons
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What type of neuron exits the spinal cord?
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Motor neurons
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What are layers of tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord?
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Meninges
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What meningeal layer is the outer menix and is made of white fibrous connective tissue?
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Dura Mater
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What are the 2 layers that dura mater is subdivided into?
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Periosteal and Meningeal
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What extends between brain parts to form partitions?
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Dural Septa
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What part of the dural septa extends between the 2 cerebral hemispheres within the longitudinal fissure?
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Falx Cerebri
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What part of the dural septa runs along the vermis of the cerebellum?
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Falx Cerebelli
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What is a horizontal plate of dura that seperates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
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Tentorium Cerebelli
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What is the middle meningeal layer that is made of loose connective tissue and looks like spider web material?
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Arachnoid Mater
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What meningeal layer is the innermost menix which is thin and transparent?
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Pia Mater
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What space is between the dura and arachnoid layers and contains a film of fluid and veins in some places?
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Subdural Space
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What are layers of tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord?
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Meninges
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What meningeal layer is the outer menix and is made of white fibrous connective tissue?
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Dura Mater
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What are the 2 layers that dura mater is subdivided into?
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Periosteal and Meningeal
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What extends between brain parts to form partitions?
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Dural Septa
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What part of the dural septa extends between the 2 cerebral hemispheres within the longitudinal fissure?
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Falx Cerebri
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What part of the dural septa runs along the vermis of the cerebellum?
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Falx Cerebelli
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What is a horizontal plate of dura that seperates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
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Tentorium Cerebelli
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What is the middle meningeal layer that is made of loose connective tissue and looks like spider web material?
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Arachnoid Mater
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What meningeal layer is the innermost menix which is thin and transparent?
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Pia Mater
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What space is between the dura and arachnoid layers and contains a film of fluid and veins in some places?
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Subdural Space
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What layer is between the arachnoid and pia and contains cerebrospinal fluid and arteries in some places?
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Subarachnoid Space
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What is the inflammation of the meninges?
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Menigitis
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What is a small channel that is filled with CSF that runs through the center of the spinal cord?
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Central Canal
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Who made lost wax casts of the brain ventricles of an ox?
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Who described a mechanism by which CSF controlled the processes of the nervous system?
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Rene Descartes
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What is the "cauliflower-like" capillary mass located in each of the four brain ventricles which produces cerebrospinal fluid?
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Choroid Plexus
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What is a clear liquid, that is mostly water, which is present in blood and passed through the capillary walls of the choroid plexus into brain ventricles?
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CSF
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