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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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cervix functions:
list 3 of 5 |
passage way for sperm
storage reservoir for sperm (holds and release over time) barrier uterus vs environment provides lubrication passageway for fetus at birth |
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what function of the cervix is the most important
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barrier uterus vs environment
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Avian female anatomy
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one ovary
one oviduct one uterus |
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what side does the avian report tract develop
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left side
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cloaca has what 2 purposes
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its at the end of the digestive track
its at the end of the reproductive cycle |
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avian produce how often
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lay eggs 1 to 2 days
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estrous means
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whole cycle
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estrus means
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heat
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what does Oestrus vs oestrous mean and where did spelling come from
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estrus vs estrous
British |
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poly estrus meaning
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multiple cycle
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who are seasonal poly estrus
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horse and sheep
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estrous last from ovulation to ovulation in human and livestock
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livestock 21
human 28 |
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avian and what two animals have left side repo
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sharks and turtle
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dietrus cycle
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closed shut cervix
starts after ovulation high progeso corpus luteum( yellow) present behavior change (bipolar) if not pregnant than CL breaks up by uterine prostaglandin F |
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early estrus
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lose
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estrus ovulation
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floppy loose
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pregnant
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tight slammed shut
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avian 3 important parts
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uterus
shell gland closca |
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estrous cycle
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approximately 3 weeks for most farm animals
period of time between one heat to the next |
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estrus
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in heat
estrogen high lordosis behavior changes ( cats) |
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diestrus
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closed cervix
start of ovulation corpus luteum present high progesterone uterine prostaglandin f breaks up cl at end if not pregnant |
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pituitary gland
2 hormones |
FSH follicle stimulating hormone
LH lutenizing hormone |
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FSH follicle stimulating hormone
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stimulates eggs and sperm
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LH lutenizing hormone
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ovulation
starts the corpus luteum |
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ovary
2 hormones |
estrogen
progesterone |
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estrogen
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stimulates heat
from follicles |
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uterus
hormone |
prostaglandin F
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lyses
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breakers up CL
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anestrus
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Period of time in which a female that would normally cycle. stop Cycling
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Presence of offspring(an estrus)
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sow-completely suppresses estrus(preg)
cow-suppressed-60 lactation so don't cycle mare-returns to estrus 9-11 days post foaling |
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seasons (an estrus)
melatonin secretion |
pineal gland behind the optic ness nerve-melatonin (promotes sleep)(creates darkness)
daylight ad darkness influence ewe summer mare fall and winter |
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stress pathology (an estrus)
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low body fat weight
illness disease stop cycling |
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Average reproductive cycle
cow |
cow 21 days- estrous cycle, 18 hours estrous cycle, 280 days gestation
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Average reproductive cycle
ewe |
16 days estrous cycle, 29 hours estrus , 147 days gestation
Sheep goat seasonal fall |
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Average reproductive cycle
sow |
sow 21 days estrous cycle , 48 - 72 hours estrus cycle, 114 days gestation, 3 months 3 weeks 3 days
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Average reproductive cycle
mare |
mare 21 day estrous cycle, 4-8 days estrus, 340 days gestation
Seasonal spring |
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why would you manipulate the estrous cycle |
Human birth control
Synchronize estrus Group females for parturition ( don't want to calf in winter or heat of summer) Required for successful embryo transfer Keep emails from cycling common in race horse and show horse mares Need hormones daily except for a horse to use a glass marble |
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Progestin
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Humans progesterone
Oil that goes on feed In females it'll make period late must wear gloves- absorbs thru skin decreases fertility Lowers libito causes impotence Progestin daily for horses depo month for humans |
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prostaglandin (pgf2a)
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Deactivate CL
side effects uterine contractions in mare colic like symptoms sweating ovulation with animal and human it bring back into heat short cycling 5 to 7 day If pregnant and inject yourself will cause a miscarriage intestinal contractions and people |
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Artificial insemination
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Turkey 100% but not wild
mostly in US dairy cattle 95% |
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Van leewenhock invented the microscope lens 1677,first to see sperm true or false
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true
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who was the first to AI a dog
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Spallenzani 1784
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Artificial insemination advantages 3
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Disease Control, less injury to animal, can ship anywhere breed long distance
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Artificial insemination disadvantages 4
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estrus detection must be good to know when in heat
Need trained inseminator Technology needed for cooled and freezing semen Some sires don't cool or freeze well |
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Semen evaluation
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Ejaculate volume, concentration, progressive motility, live or dead, morphology
NN means not normal, should be billions of sperm ejaculation 5 or 6 are OK or not normal 5.6 billion would be no good and there is math for this |
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What about cloning what is dolly
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A finn dorset sheep first cloned a 1966 died 2003 lung infection
At the Roslyn Institute Edinburgh |
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Why clone
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Transgenic pigs
carry human genes that make blood clotting so great protein in milk = a safe treatment for hemophiliacs |
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who is Dr. xiangzhong Jerry yang
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Brilliant scientist born in China died of salviray cancer
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placenta formation
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Embryonic ectoderm-yellow egg sack
allantois fluid sack-placenta |
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cotelydonary placenta ( cattle)
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buttons
if stuck can physically can unbutton |
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placenta types
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mare & sow-diffuse-cant physically take out
ewe & cow-cotyledonary woman-discold bitch&queen-zonary |
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Factors affecting size of offspring
heredity |
Heredity
maternal size and age Smaller dam = smaller offspring young/maiden= smaller offspring aged= smaller offspring |
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Factors affecting size of offspring
nutrition |
least effect
gains most weight in last trimester restricted feeding reduces birth weight |
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Factors affecting size of offspring
large litter |
Larger equal smaller individuals
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Artificial insemination 1 sire to cover many more females
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Natural cover
1 bull sires 30 to 50 calves/year for 3 to 8 years 400 calves in lifetime Artificial insemination 1 bull produces 200 to 400 units semen/ejaculate 4 ejaculates per week 500,000 calves in lifetime |
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