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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Metabolisms |
The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a living cell |
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Anabolism |
All synthesis reactions in a living organism; the building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones |
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Catabolism |
All decomposition reactions in a living organism; the breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones |
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Metabolic pathway |
A sequence of enzymatically catalyze reactions occurring in a cell |
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Collision theory |
The principle that chemical reactions occur because energy is gained as particles collide. |
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Activation energy |
The minimum collision energy required for a chemical reaction to occur |
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Enzyme |
Molecule that catalyzes biochemical reactions in a living organism, usually a protein |
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Substrate |
Any compound with which an enzyme reacts |
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Enzyme-substrate complex |
A temporary union of an enzyme and its substrate |
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Turnover number |
The number of substrate molecules acted on per enzyme |
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Apoenzyme |
The protein portion of an enzyme |
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Cofactor |
The nonprotein component of an enzyme |
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Coenzyme |
A nonprotein substance that is associated with and that activates an enzyme |
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Holoenzyme |
An enzyme consisting of an Apoenzyme and a cofactor |
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Denaturation |
A change in the molecular structure of a protein usually making it nonfunctional |
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Competitive inhibitors |
A chemical that competes with the normal substrate for the active site of an enzyme |
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Noncompetitive inhibitor |
And inhibitory chemical that is not compete with the substrate for an enzymes active site |
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Feedback inhibition |
Inhibition of an enzyme in a particular pathway by the accumulation of the end-product of the pathway |
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Ribozyme |
And enzyme consisting of RNA that specifically acts on strands of RNA to remove introns and splice together the remaining exons |
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Oxidation |
The removal of electrons from a Molecule |
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Reduction |
The addition of electrons to a molecule |
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Redox reaction |
Oxidation reduction; a coupled reaction in which one substrate is oxidized and one is reduced |
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Substrate level phosphorylation |
The synthesis of ATP by direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate metabolic compound to ADP |
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Oxidative phosphorylation |
The synthesis of ATP coupled with electron transport |
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Electron transport chain |
A series of compounds that transfer electrons from one compound to another, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation |
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Photophosphorylation |
The production of ATP in a series of redox reactions; electrons from chlorophyll initiate the reactions |