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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Metabolisms

The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a living cell

Anabolism

All synthesis reactions in a living organism; the building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones

Catabolism

All decomposition reactions in a living organism; the breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones

Metabolic pathway

A sequence of enzymatically catalyze reactions occurring in a cell

Collision theory

The principle that chemical reactions occur because energy is gained as particles collide.

Activation energy

The minimum collision energy required for a chemical reaction to occur

Enzyme

Molecule that catalyzes biochemical reactions in a living organism, usually a protein

Substrate

Any compound with which an enzyme reacts

Enzyme-substrate complex

A temporary union of an enzyme and its substrate

Turnover number

The number of substrate molecules acted on per enzyme

Apoenzyme

The protein portion of an enzyme

Cofactor

The nonprotein component of an enzyme

Coenzyme

A nonprotein substance that is associated with and that activates an enzyme

Holoenzyme

An enzyme consisting of an Apoenzyme and a cofactor

Denaturation

A change in the molecular structure of a protein usually making it nonfunctional

Competitive inhibitors

A chemical that competes with the normal substrate for the active site of an enzyme

Noncompetitive inhibitor

And inhibitory chemical that is not compete with the substrate for an enzymes active site

Feedback inhibition

Inhibition of an enzyme in a particular pathway by the accumulation of the end-product of the pathway

Ribozyme

And enzyme consisting of RNA that specifically acts on strands of RNA to remove introns and splice together the remaining exons

Oxidation

The removal of electrons from a Molecule

Reduction

The addition of electrons to a molecule

Redox reaction

Oxidation reduction; a coupled reaction in which one substrate is oxidized and one is reduced

Substrate level phosphorylation

The synthesis of ATP by direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate metabolic compound to ADP

Oxidative phosphorylation

The synthesis of ATP coupled with electron transport

Electron transport chain

A series of compounds that transfer electrons from one compound to another, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation

Photophosphorylation

The production of ATP in a series of redox reactions; electrons from chlorophyll initiate the reactions