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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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whats the blood brain barrier do?
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Prevents macromolecues in the blood from leaving the capillaries and leaking into extracellular space
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The mature brain has what type of cells
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neuroglial cells
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when does the CNS reach development of all neurons
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25th week gestation
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what types of cells does the cortex have?
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neuroglial cells
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when do dendrites of the neuron begin to develop
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few months before birth and are primitive
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the average number of connections that 1 cell makes is
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1,000-10,000
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Primary Germ Layers do what?
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give rise to tissues and organs
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when do primary germ layers form?
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3rd week
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Ectoderm
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gives rise to epidermis and the nervous system
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mesoderm
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gives rise to muscle, connective tissues, cartilage, bone and blood vessels
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endoderm
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gives rise to linings of the digestive and respiratory tracts
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3 primary germ layers
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ectoderm
mesoderm endoderm |
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What do the neural plate and groove become
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neural tube
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What happens to neural crest cells as the neural tube closes?
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they're pinched off
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Neural crest cells develop into what?
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-sensory nerves of the spinal ganglia
-CN's -postganglionic neurons within the autonomic nervous system -Schwann cells -satellite cells of the PNS |
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Whats the neural tube develop into
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-the CNS
-cavity becomes the ventricular system |
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What happens at the end of the 4th week
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-neural tube is closed
-4th pair of somites turn into the brain -caudal 4th pair of somites become the primitive spinal cord |
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in the end of the 6th week what happens to the 3 vesicles?
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they become 5
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3 primary vesicles at the end of the fourth week
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Prosencephalon
mesencephalon rhombencephalon |
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5 secondary vesicles at the end of the 6th week
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Telencephalon: cerebrum
Diencephalon: thalamus and hypothalamus Mesencephalon: midbrain Metencephalon: pons and cerebellum Myelencephalon: medulla |
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Until the 3rd month, where does the spinal cord extend to?
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entire length of the vertebral column
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where is the spinal cord located at birth?
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3rd lumbar veretebra
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what happens if the neural tube has defective closure
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Spinal Bifida
anencephaly |
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what's Anencephaly
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-Fatal condition: no skin covers the brain
-Folic acid prevents it |
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Holoprosencephaly
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-facial abnormalities
-no fissures are present |
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Bilingual Brains
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have more gray matter in L and R inferior parietal lobes
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dyslexic brains
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increased activation in certain brain regions after behavioral remediation
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Another name for acquired childhood aphasia
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Landau-Kleffner syndrome
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Onset of acquired childhood aphasia
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18 mo.-13 years
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defining signs of acquired childhood aphasia
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-seizures
-abnormal EEG in 1 or both temporal lobes -look deaf: comprehension difficulties -expressive and receptive deficits -TBI |
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what's SLI
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-language disorder not secondary to more generalized condition
-expressive and/or receptive language disorder with normal performance in other skills |
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defining symptoms of ADHD
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-hyperactivity
-clumsy -perceptual deficit -impulsiveness |
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ADHD etiology
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basal ganglia abnormalities
prefrontal regions |
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Neuroimaging in ADHD
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reduce glucose in prefrontal cortex
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Hearing loss symptoms
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-delayed speech and language
-pragmatic problems -sound localization -behavior |
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Neuroimaging in HL
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Wernicke's area isnt used as much
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What could be a cause of HL
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tumor on CN VIII
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symptoms of MR
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-cog deficits
-limited language development -deficit in linguistic skills |
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Etiology of MR
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delay myelination leaving brain tissue undeveloped
-biofactors: genetic or chromosomal abnormalities maternal infections in 1st trimester chemical/lead toxicity metabolic malfunctions |
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symptoms of autism
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-social deficit
-increased motor activity -no expressive or receptive language |
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etiology of autism
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unknown
-surfaces between 2-4 years |
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whats a CT Scan
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-old school name: CAT scan
-xray that gives 3-D images cheaper than an MRI BEST FOR VIEWING BONE |
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Whats an MRI
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no radiation
uses a magnet BEST FOR SOFT TISSUE |
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what forms the BBB
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astrocytes
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astrocytes in the BBB do what?
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regulate flow of nutrients and metabolites btw the neuron and the capillary
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