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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Preconscious |
Thoughts and feelings NOT aware of but can be brought to awareness |
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Id (Birth to 1 year) |
Primitive and fully unconscious, contains life and death instincts, pleasure |
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Superego (Conscience) |
Represents our sense of morality and how we ought to behave |
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Denial |
Refusing to accept or acknowledge consciously the existence of danger or a threatening situation |
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Rationalization |
Making socially acceptable excuses for one's faults |
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Reaction Formation |
Behaving in a way that is the extreme opposite of unacceptable urges or desires |
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Regression |
Retreating to a behavior pattern characteristic of an earlier stage of development as a way of coping with a stressor |
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Oral Stage (Birth to 1 year) |
Pleasure from mouth |
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Anal Expulsive Personality |
Messy, irresponsible, slob, rebels openly |
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Oedipus Complex |
Child's desire to have sexual relations with opposite parent (boys with mothers, girls with fathers) |
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Personality Assessment |
Observation, Interviews, Rating Scales Personality Inventories Projective Tests |
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Structured Interviews |
Planned ahead interviews |
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Halo Effect |
Tendency for our overall evaluation to be influenced by one or few positive or negative traits |
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Projective Tests |
Rorschach Inkblot Test Thematic Apperception Test (20 black and white pictures) |
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Psychoanalysis |
Bringing repressed material into consciousness and help patient work through unconscious conflicts |
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Free Association |
Learn about what they're thinking or feeling |
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Transference |
Redirection of feelings toward other people |
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Behavior Therapy |
Helps change self-destructing behaviors (replace bad habits with good ones) |
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Participant Modeling |
Therapists demonstrate behavior and then help patients do the same behavior |
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Agoraphobia |
Intense fear of experiencing a panic attack in public and unable to escape or get help |
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Panic Disorder |
Experience of recurring and unpredictable panic attacks |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
Chronic Excessive Worry |
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Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) |
Fear and avoidance of any social or performance where one might embarrass themselves |
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) |
Anxiety disorder in which a person has a reoccurring obsessions and compulsions |
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Major Depressive Disorder |
Feelings of great sadness, despair, hopelessness, and loss of ability to experience pleasure |
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Bipolar Disorder |
Severe mood swing between periods of euphoria/mania and periods of depression |
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Types of Bipolar |
Bipolar 1: High manic episodes that lead to self-destructive behaviors Bipolar 2: Major depression with mild manic episodes |
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Schizophrenia Symptoms |
Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized behavior |
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Histronic Personality Disorder |
Intense need for attention, shallow, demanding, attractive, and sexually seductive |
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Borderline Personality Disorder |
Extreme swings from idealization to demonization. Unstable emotions and fear of abandonment |
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Antisocial |
Disregards others feelings, manipulative, selfish |
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Primacy Effect |
Tendency to evaluate someone based on our first impression of the person |
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Attribution |
Process of explaining our behavior of others |
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Situational Attribution/External Attribution |
Environmental/External factor is involved in cause of behavior (Blaming others for our failures) |
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Dispositional Attribution/Internal Attribution |
Characteristics, trait, attitude of person involved in cause of behavior (Taking credit for our successes) |
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Self-Serving Bias |
Results from needing to protect our self-concept and manage unpleasant emotions. Positive self image |
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Actor-Observer Effect |
Attributing our faults to external factors, and other peoples faults to them |
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Fundamental Attribution Error |
Tendency to overestimate the degree to which personal characteristics of an individual are the cause of an event |
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Conformity |
Behaving in ways that are consistent with group norms or expectations of others (generally unspoken) |
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Foot In The Door Technique |
Asks for small request and try to follow with a bigger request |
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Door in the Face Technique |
Large unreasonable request and small request follows |
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Low Ball Technique |
Obtaining a persons initial agreement to purchase an item at a lower price before revealing hidden costs that raise ultimate price |
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Social Loafing |
Putting in less effort when working as group than when working alone |
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Groupthink |
The tendency for members of a decision making group to be focused more on preserving group solidarity (cohesiveness) than on critically examining the issues on hand |
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Social Roles |
Socially defined roles that are expected of a person occupying a particular social position |
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Cognitive Dissonance |
Unpleasant emotions we experience when our attitudes are in conflict or inconsistent with our behavior |
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Factors that affect Persuasion |
1. Source 2. Audience 3. The Message 4. The Medium |
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Bystander Effect |
The idea that the more witnesses there are at an emergency, the less likely any of them will help |
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Diffusion of Responsibility |
A person is less likely to take responsibility for action when others are present |
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Prejudice |
Attitudes towards others based on their gender, religion, race, or membership |
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Discrimination |
Behavior towards others based on their gender, religion, race, or membership in a particular group |
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Realistic Conflict Theory |
Competition over scarce resources |
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In-Groups and Out-Groups |
In-groups - you fit in strongly Out-groups - you don't fit in Us versus them mentality |