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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What contributes to the ever-increasing number of hazards present in our environment today?
urbanization, industrialization, population growth, production and use of disposable products and containers
What % of the world’s solid waste is produced by the U.S.?
united states produces 33% of the worlds solid waste with 4.6% of the worlds population
What is the ultimate solution to the growing solid waste problem?
source reduction, limit creation
Compare recycling in Japan and the U.S
far below the rates of japan and other European countries
What is the process for waste materials in a sanitary landfill
all refuse is spread and compacted by bulldozers, at the end of each day, refuse is covered with a layer of soil. this process continues until the landfill is full, at which time a final layer of soil 2ft thick is placed on top.
What are the liquids created when water mixes with wastes and drains from beneath a landfill?
leachates. clay or double plastic lining must be constructed to prevent it.
What is the most commonly used method for disposal of hazardous waste?
deep well or underground injection. consists of pumping hazardous wastes by way of lined wells, far below the ground water aquifer, into the layers of permeable rock.
What is the Superfund legislation?
created by CERCLA in response to public demand to clean up dump sites. created a tax on chemical industries to clean up abandoned hazardous waste sites.
What are considered criteria pollutants in the United States?
the most pervasive air pollutants in the US.
sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, ground level ozone, respirable particulate matter, and lead.
What is thermal inversion?
a condition that occurs when warm air traps cooler air at the surface of the earth.
What are volatile organic compounds (VOCs)?
compounds that exist as vapors over the normal range of air pressures and temperatures.
What is nonpoint source pollution?
all pollution that occurs through the runoff seepage or falling of pollutants into the water.
What is the Clean Water Act
the federal law aimed at ensuring that all rivers are swim-able and fish-able and that limit the discharge of pollutants of the US waters to zero.
water wasnt all clean because they were not paying attention to nonpoint source water, only point source.
What type of pollution in the United States receives the least attention?
noise pollution. excessive or unwanted sound.
What type of agent is responsible for more foodborne disease outbreaks?
bacterial pathogen
chemical
virus
parasitic
What is the trend in the number of waterborne disease outbreaks (WBDOs) associated with drinking water and recreational water?
drinking water has decreased since 1980, while rec water has slightly increased in areas.
How many people have to become ill for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to declare a foodborne outbreak?
occurrence of 2 or more similar cases of similar illnesses resulting form ingestion of food.
What can lead to foodborne disease?
improper holding temps, and inadequate cooking of food. poor personal hygiene of preparers, contaminated equipment, and obtaining food from an unsafe source.
What are the two groups at highest risk for pesticide poisoning?
children (most orally, unintentional) and workers who apply pesticides (consume orally, inhaled, or in contact with skin) because of careless practice
Which group of individuals is at highest risk for lead poisoning?
young children who may inadvertently ingest lead, adults whose jobs bring them in contact with lead, people of all ages who live in homes with water pipes made of or soldered with lead.
What is radon?
a colorless, tasteless, odorless gas formed by the radioactive decay or uranium. generated in rock and soil. 2nd leading cause of lung cancer.
What is skin cancer?
association with UV-b or ionizing radiation. more prevalent in those living closer to the equator, and in exposed body parts. increasing by 3% each year.
most cases are highly curable basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.
most serious and least common is malignant melanoma
What community health problems are caused either in part or whole by population growth?
the resources (food water shelter etc.) to support such growth are limited and thus will not allow the population to grow any further.
global warming, acid rain, increasing crime, depleting ozone, increase vulnerability to epidemics and pandemics, contamination of still and ground water