Quiz 3

Front 1

Politeness Theory

Back 1

explains how individuals manage all of the identities they must “put on” in varying social contexts.

Front 2

Corrective face work strategies

Back 2

Corrective face work strategies are messages meant to help yourself and others “save face” in the event of face-threatening acts (FTAs).

Front 3

Corrective face work fits into five large categories

Back 3

-Avoidance

-Off-Record

-Negative Politeness

-Positive politeness

-Bald on Record

Front 4

Avoidance

Back 4

Selectively not engaging in a communicative act to avoid embarrassment.

Front 5

Off-record

Back 5

Making hints at something that, if it were said directly, would be an FTA.

Front 6

Negative politeness

Back 6

recognizing an other’s need to say no to a request or decide not to engage in a communicative act.

Front 7

Positive politeness

Back 7

“buttering up” someone or flattering them prior to making a request that would otherwise be an FTA.

Front 8

Bald on record

Back 8

direct expression. No attempt to protect another’s face

Front 9

The dialectical perspective

Back 9

explains how individuals sustain interpersonal relationships by constantly managing tensions and contradictions. The only guarantee in a relationship, according to the dialectical perspective, is that things will change.

Front 10

The dialectical perspective

3 Variations

Back 10

Autonomy – connection

Openness – closedness

Predictability – novelty

Front 11

There are also external dialectics that put pressure on a relationship from the outside

Back 11

Inclusion – Seclusion

Revelation –Concealment

Conventionality – Uniqueness

Front 12

Individualism-collectivism

Back 12

how people define themselves in relationship to social groups. Individualism values competition and clear markers of success, collectivists care more about group cohesion.

Front 13

Uncertainty avoidance

Back 13

the degree to which people within a culture are made nervous by uncertainty and the lengths they go to avoid ambiguity.

Front 14

Power distance

Back 14

High power distance cultures tend to have lots of inequality and have elaborate hierarchies with a few people in power and many taking orders. Low power distance cultures have a very “flat” hierarchy and are egalitarian / meritocratic.

Front 15

Masculinity-femininity

Back 15

Masculine cultures believe in innate (biological), rigid gender roles, feminine cultures believe in more flexible roles that are negotiated in interpersonal interactions

Front 16

Long-term and short term

Back 16

long term oriented cultures are associated with thrift and perseverance and short term oriented cultures look for immediate gratification.

Front 17

Communication accommodation theory (CAT)

Back 17

helps us understand why and how we change our communication patters in different cultural and social contexts.

Front 18

(CAT) Humans often arrange themselves into groups and an individual’s in-group or out-group status can have a significant impact on how they interact with the people around them.

Back 18

Just Info

Front 19

CAT - Convergence

Back 19

Choosing to act like part of the group

Front 20

CAT - Divergence

Back 20

Choosing to be unique and outside the group

Front 21

The theory of Context collapse was originally used to describe

Back 21

all of the various cultures that a single mass media broadcast has to speak to.

Front 22

Now it(Context Collapse) is also used to

Back 22

describe what happens online when someone from one social context sees you in another. For example, when your boss sees a video of you at 3AM singing Billy Joel Karaoke.

Front 23

Context collapse comes in two flavors:

Context Collision

Context collusion

Back 23

Context collision — a collapse that occurs accidently or unintentionally, usually hurting the individual’s social statusContext collusion — when someone intentionally collapses contexts so as to gain social status.

Front 24

Computational politics

Back 24

Computational politics is the result of big data’s impact on public, civic communication. Especially when it comes to candidates running for public office.

Front 25

Computational Politics

-the rise of digital mediation of social, political and financial interactions has resulted in

Back 25

an exponential increase in the amount and type of data available, especially to large organizations that can afford the access, i.e., big data.

Front 26

Computational Politics

- emergent computational methods

Back 26

allow political targeting to move beyond aggregated group–based analysis and profiling to modeling of specific individuals.

Front 27

Computational Politics

- such modeling allows for

Back 27

acquiring answers about an individual without directly asking questions to the individual, thus opening the door to a new wave of techniques reliant on subterfuge and opacity.

Front 28

Computational Politics

-advances in behavioral sciences have resulted in

Back 28

a move away from models of the “rational human” towards more refined and realistic models of human behavior. In combination with the other dynamics outlined here, these models allow for enhanced, network–based social engineering.

Front 29

Computational Politics

digital networks

Back 29

enable these methods to be experimentally tested in real time and for immediate deployment, adding a level of previously unfeasible dynamism and speed to molding the public sphere.

Front 30

Computational Politics

the data, tools and techniques that comprise these methods require

Back 30

access to proprietary, expensive data, and are driven by opaque algorithms — opaque algorithms refers to “black box” algorithms the operations of which are proprietary and undisclosed, and most of which are controlled by a few Internet platforms.

Front 31

Group Communication

-Task Communication

Back 31

Task communication – communication referencing the thing the group must do. The ends of the group.

Front 32

Group Communication

-Socioemotional communication

Back 32

Socioemotional communication – communication referencing the process or health of the group. The means the group uses to achieve its ends.

Front 33

Group Communication

-A unified task or mission

Back 33

Groups have a unified task or mission. A bunch of strangers that happen to be in the same situation are technically an aggregate.

Front 34

3 Group Communication Definitions

Back 34

Task Communication

Socioemotional Communication

unified task or mission

Front 35

4 Functional Group Decision Making Functions

Back 35

1. Problem analysis

2. Goal setting

3. Identify alternatives / brainstorming

4. Evaluate and select

Front 36

Groupthink Definition

Back 36

a dysfunctional way of communicating where group coherence overrides the desire for assessing all available plans of action.

Front 37

3 Conditions Necessary(but not sufficient) for Groupthink to occur

Back 37

1. Cohesion

2. Structural Flaws

3. Situational characteristics

Front 38

3 Groupthink Symptoms

Back 38

Overestimation of the group

Closed-mindedness

Pressure towards uniformity

Front 39

Structuration theory definition

Back 39

social structures need constant maintenance and repair and in doing so, individuals can make changes to a structure. Individuals produce structure when they work together, and then reproduce it later on when they write down rules or refer to past experience.

Front 40

Symbolic convergence theory

Back 40

based in the idea that group members share very similar symbols, explanations, and even a kind of consciousness. According to SCT groups build fantasies that fulfill the rhetorical or psychological needs of group members

Front 41

What can happen to a dramatized message?

Back 41

A dramatized message can grow into a fantasy theme which, if propagated through continued reference and use, can turn into a fantasy chain. This ends in symbolic convergence. This unified way of viewing the world is called a rhetorical vision.

Front 42

What are systems theories?

Back 42

Systems theories hinge on the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. This is also called “nonsummitivity.” When nonsummitivity produces a good thing, (which it does not always do) it is called synergy.

Front 43

Three organizational culture manifestations

Back 43

Artifacts, values, assumptions

Front 44

Artifacts

Back 44

furniture, buildings, the presence or lack of decoration, etc.

Front 45

Values

Back 45

preferences for how to handle situations.

Front 46

Assumptions

Back 46

much deeper, more fundamental ideas about the way the world is and works.

Front 47

What is Weick's organizing theory?

Back 47

Weick’s organizing theory states that organizations reduce equivocality through he formation of rules. Note that equivocality is different from uncertainty because while uncertainty can be relieved with more information, equivocality cannot. When a rule doesn’t work in a given situation, organizational members might engage in a double interact to reduce equivocality.

Front 48

Weick believed that organizing is a sociocultural evolutionary process that goes through three stages:

Back 48

enactment, selection, and retention.