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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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language influences our perceptions of the world
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linguistic relativity hypothesis
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rules for word sounds
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phonology
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rules for combining words
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syntax
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rules used to communicate meaning
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semantics
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smallest significant sound units in speech
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phonemes
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smallest units of language that carry meaning
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morphemes
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superficial appearance, literal ordering of words
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surface structure
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underlying representation of meaning
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deep structure
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communication depends on common knowledge among speakers
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language comprehension
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by the third year of life a childs ________ speech begins.
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telegraphic
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can nonhuman animals communicate?
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yes
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class of objects that most people agree belong together
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category
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being able to categorize is ______.
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adaptive
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members of a category share certain core features, but not all members have to have all these features
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family resemblance view
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best or most representative member of a category
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prototype
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store all examples of the category
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alternative
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goal and starting point are clear; you know when it's been solved
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well-defined
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goal and starting point are unclear; hard to tell when solution is reached
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ill-defined
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tendency to see objects and their functions in fixed and typical ways
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functional fixedness
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step-by-step procedures that guarantee a solution
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algorithms
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"shortcuts" that are efficient, but don't guarantee a solution
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heuristics
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process by which solution seems to "magically" pop into mind
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insight
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how alternatives are presented
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framing
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tendency to seek out and use information that supports and confirms a prior decision or belief
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confirmation bias
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tendency to cling to initial beliefs even when confronted with disconfirming evidence
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belief persistence
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