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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Convergence of Evidence |
-strength of evidence -Triangulation of data -Convergence of evidence -Scientific consensus |
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Science & Art |
Interactions that take place between scientists and art, artists and scientists, artists and science |
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Art |
Visual, literary, performance! |
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Earth's Energy Budget |
Energy in > energy out = warming planet |
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Normally, greenhouse gases... |
Trap heat, keep planet warm |
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Burning fossil fuels... |
Adds additional greenhouse gases to atmosphere that would normally not be there |
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These additional gases... |
Trap more of sun's heat, warming air, land, water |
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Dry Atmospheric composition |
-N2 78% -O2 21% -Ar 1% -Co2 + others 1% |
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Atmospheric composition |
H2O vapor = .2-4% most abundant greenhouse gas! -Varies widely, low in polar region, high in tropics -Decreases rapidly with altitude -human activity doesnt directly add -Evaporation from oceans -primary source -Forms raindrops that fall to surface |
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Other greenhouse, infrared absorbing gases |
CO2 -400 ppm CH4 (methane) 1.83ppm O3 10-40 ppb Halocarbons 1-5 ppb |
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O3 |
Good ozone- in the stratosphere that reflects harmful uv photons Bad ozone- in the lower atmosphere that absorbs infrared photons |
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GWP -global warming potential |
Depends on: -Wavelength where molecules absorb thermal ir energy -Absorption strength -Lifetime of molecule in atmosphere |
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CO2 |
81% of us gas emissions 82% from human emissions -Not destroyed in atmosphere-cycles through system |
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CH4 |
11% us gas emissions 60% human activities Life: 12yrs 30x more effective than co2 -permafrost feedback loop |
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N2O |
6% us gas emissions Life: 114 yrs 300x more effective |
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Halocarbons |
3% us gas emissions 100% emissions from humans Life: 1-270 yrs 12-22,800 x more effective |
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Radiative Forcing (energy in not = energy out) |
-affect climate but not affected by climate -Driven by human activity -Can result in cooling or heating |
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Climate system feedback |
-processes driven by earth's S temp changes -positive feedback- amplify warming -negative feedback - counteract warming |
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Radiative Forcing def. |
-changes in Earth's energy balance -Earth temp changes over time to adjust -Thermal mass of ocean affect response time - Rapid Warming (decades, weeks) surface mixed layer of ocean -Slower warming - deep ocean (1000yrs) |
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aerosols |
Small particles, buoyant in atmosphere, stay suspended for days to weeks Cooling: -Sulfate aerolos from fossil fuel burning + volcanoes -mineral dust from farming |
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Negative radiative Forcing from aerosols... |
Counteracts 25% of positive radiative Forcing from greenhouse gases |
