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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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peristyle |
a continuous colonnade surroundingthe exterior of a building or an open court |
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peripteral |
having a single row of columns onall sides |
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dipteral |
having a double row of columns on all sides
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cella |
the inner cult chamber of a Greek or Roman temple |
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temenos |
a walled sacred enclosure or precinct around an ancient Greek altar or temple |
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order |
for the classical column and entablature, a system of forms and particular proportionalrelationships between those forms |
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Doric order |
stereobate and stylobatecolumn: drum, shaft, capitalcapital: echinus, abacusentablature: architrave; frieze with alternating triglyphs and metopes; cornicepediment |
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pediment |
low-pitched, triangular gable above the entablature of Greek and Roman temples |
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flutes or fluting |
shallow, concave grooves carved to run vertically along the shaft of a column orpilaster |
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entasis |
slight swelling of the vertical profile of a classical column as it tapers toward the top inorder to counteract the optical illusion of concavity which would result if the sides werestraight |
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intercolumniation |
spatial interval betweenadjacent columns in a colonnade, frequently determined by some multiple of the diameter ofthe column itself |
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refinements |
optical "adjustments" or deviations from orthogonal order in temple architecture |
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Doric |
mainland Greece and western Greek colonies (Italy and Sicily) Doric or Ionic? |
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Doric |
Dramatic, elevated, easily visible sites Doric or Ionic? |
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Doric |
6x13 or 6x14 columns Doric or Ionic? |
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Doric |
height of shafts = 4.5/5 x diameter at bottom (early) or 5.5/7.5 x diameter (later) height of column = 8 x height of capital (early) or 11 - 12 x height of capital (late) Doric or Ionic? |
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Doric |
20 flutes tapering, entasis Doric or Ionic? |
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Doric |
mscular proportions, squat especially at beginning seen as masculine general analogy with human body Doric or Ionic? |
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Doric |
cushion-like echinus (late more streamlined) below square abacus Doric or Ionic? |
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Doric |
plain and undecorated Achitrave Doric or Ionic? |
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Doric |
alternating triglyphs and metopes
Doric or Ionic? |
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Doric |
arched stylobate and entablature inward-leaning columns Doric or Ionic? |
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Doric |
in western colonies, temples often much larger and elongated. use of soft, coarse limestone instead of marble Doric or Ionic? |
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Ionic |
mainland Greece but especially eastern Greek colonies(Turkey) Doric or Ionic? |
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Ionic |
low, marshy sites Doric or Ionic? |
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Ionic |
8x?? (variable) peristyle extra partial rows of columns creating porch Doric or Ionic? |
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Ionic |
height of shafts = 9 x diameter at bottom Doric or Ionic? |
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Ionic |
24 flutes Doric or Ionic? |
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Ionic |
slim, delicate, elegant proportions, see as feminine Doric or Ionic? |
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Ionic |
volutes (i.e. organic leaf and plant forms) Doric or Ionic? |
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Ionic |
Architrave divided into three horizontal bands Doric or Ionic? |
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Ionic |
continuous bands of relief sculpture Doric or Ionic? |
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Ionic |
somewhat greater emphasis on interior via processional axis through porch columns creating perspective effect and sometimes unroofed cellas creating an inviting light well at heart of building. Temples often very broad. |
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Bronze age |
ended around 1000 BCE and iron age comes |
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Dorians |
___ settled in islands in mediterranean like sicily |
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ionians |
coming from the further east through the aegean seas, settled in parts of Asia. |
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Temples |
Doric___ were placed on sites that were already considered sacred |
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elevated |
Doric temples are ___ are silhouetted against the sky, interior space less important for the overall presence or effect |
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cella |
the inner area of an ancient temple, especially one housing the hidden cult image in a Greek or Roman temple. |
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differentiation |
___ between interior and exterior is made in Doric architecture by having exterior columns that surround interior columns - peristyle - columns were built prior to walls |
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Peristyle |
makes the temple equally valid from every side through an oblique approach with columns that wrap around the building |
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First stage of evolution |
domestic structure (shrine) to a megaron temple (archaic period) |
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Second stage of evolution |
expansion in size andaddition of the peristyle(Archaic period) |
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third stage of evolution |
translation from timber into stone and refinement of the orders(Archaic period into Classical period) |
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Simple |
Minoans influenced the ___ forms of columns of doric order |
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Egyptians |
____ influenced monumentality andashlar construction of Doric order |
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grammar |
sets of forms which play certain structural or decorative functions |
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syntax |
a system of appropriate combinations |
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vocabulary |
meaningful elements |
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steps of Doric temple |
stereobate (lower two steps)stylobate (uppermost step) and a further base below if necessary |
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narrowly |
many columns were placed in archaic period in a ___ manner for consturction precautiousness. |
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archaic period temple |
early, short, squat columns |
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classical period temple |
slimmer, more refined columns |
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drums |
columns were constructed by placing column ___ on a beam and carved afterwards |
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sicilian (western greek) |
___ temples were not made of marbles because marbles were not existent
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tapered |
columns were ___ for its natural look that resemble trees and for its grace appearance that it does not sturggle to hold the mass above even with the tapered look |
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channeling of the forces that descend from the top
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fluting of the columns represent |
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Abachus and Echinus |
___translates post and lintel structure |
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lintel |
___ of Greek Temple: entablature (beam) and pediment (gable) |
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architrave (below) and frieze (above) |
two main parts of the entablature? |
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triglyph |
was a representative of tree pattern of timber beams |
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polychromy |
(the art of painting in several colors, especially as applied to ancient pottery, sculpture, and architecture.) allowed the temple to be legible from a distance |
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triglyph |
was placed on each intercolumniation(space between columns) of the temple |
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OBLIQUE |
stylobate and shafts are ___ to either magnify the view of the temple or to make it appear straight in every angle of view |
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dipeteral form |
Ionic temples had ___: not just one but two peristyles |
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axiality |
Most of Ionic temples were not congregational: people had worship/rituals outside. It has less oblique form and emphasizes frontal ___ |
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light |
Ionic cella was opened accepting ___ |
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Odd |
___ number of columns create a column in the middle of the facade making an odd look. It gets replaced with even number of columns later |
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Hera I vs Hera II temple |
adopts even number of columns and double colonnades in cella to place an idol |
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Pan-Hellenic Sanctuaries |
had temple for Zeus and another for Apollo |
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Temple of Zeus |
most doric temple that had a 40ft cult sculpture of zeus |
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Doric Temple of Apollo |
was a site of oracle where people could ask a question to a priest inside a temple and answers (oracles) were given |
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polis
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ancient Greek city-state
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acropolis |
the fortified high ground of an ancientGreek city, typically featuring the city’s main temple(s)
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Delian League |
confederacy of mainland Greek city-states |
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Panathenaic procession |
annual procession of the citizens of Athens to the Acropolis; held on thebirthday of Athena |
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agora |
open space or marketplace that was the center ofpolitical life in an ancient Greek city |
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caryatid |
column or pilaster carved whollyor partly in the form of a human figure, often a woman |
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barbarians |
people who didnt speak Greek |
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democracy |
Acropolis was built for ___ |
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Acropolis |
Ionian Revolt is ceased by the Persian and Persia seeks to further punish by invading the mainland Greek. Persia is defeated at the Battle of Marathon and is defeated again in naval battle at the Bay of Salamis. Athenians voted to rescind the "Plataean Oath" never to reuild the buildings on Acropolis to memorize the wars. |
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three |
There are ___ temples in Acropolis |
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Temple of Athena Nike |
little temple at Acropolis that celebrates victory of Athena |
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Temple of Athena Polias "Erechtheion" |
local version of Athena that celebrates the hearth
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Temple of Athena Parthenos |
Biggest Acropolis temple that celebrates warrior maiden |
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Propylaea |
monumental statue/gate/entrance to acropolis from secular space |
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Panathenaic Way |
Panathenaic Way, path of the Panathenaic Procession: a ritual that occured every four year celebrating Athena, where all citizens of Athens would gather and honour their god. |
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colonnades |
Athena Nike lacks ___ that wrap around the temple inside and outside. There are only ones in east and west facades |
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Ionic Building |
Athena Nike evidents that ___ began to appear in mainland Greek |
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slope |
Acropolis is a difficult site to design due to its ___ where its harder to create threshold from outside to inside |
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Ionic |
____ columns are hidden behind larger doric columns in Acropolis |
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Ionic |
a processional spatial sequencemarked by light is a feature descended from the ___ |
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Parthenon |
___ has a doric feature, a oblique view |
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rear chamber |
____ of Parthenon that has four ionic columns served as a treasury that housed treasured objects for Athena |
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Iktinos and Kallikrates |
architects of Parthenon |
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ratio |
Parthenon does not have a traditional ___ of peristyle (8x17) because after the Battle of Marathon, the new Parthenon was planned to be bigger using existing columns that were destroyed |
