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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hypostyle |
(from the Greek hupo, "underneath" and stylos, "column"): adjective describing a hallor chamber whose roof is supported by many rows of columns |
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colonnade |
a row of columns |
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portico |
open, colonnaded, roofed space serving as a porch, usually in front of theentrance to a building |
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pylon |
rectangular, truncated, battered towers flanking thegateway of a temple |
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orthogonal |
mutually perpendicular |
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Old Kingdom |
Pyramids disappeared after the ____ after political turmoils when all of them were made. |
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Ascendents |
Temples take over the pyramids as ____, priests of Egypt take over. |
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Memphis |
Lower Egypt Nile |
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Thebes |
Capital of Egypt moves from Memphis of lower Egypt near the Nile to ___ further south in the New Kingdom. |
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Pharos |
Sun God still rules and ___ work with the priests |
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Middle Kingdom |
period of turmoil between the Old and the New Kingdom |
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Queen Hatshepsut |
First queen Pharoh who built her own funerary complex |
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trees |
Lowest terrace of the Funeral Complex were planted with trees to form a gardened terrace that depicts the homeland of the Gods: Punt of Somalia |
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Ramp |
___ moves you slowly allowing you to look around |
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cliff |
Stone __ itself has terraces and vertical striations that resonate with the stone Funerary Complex |
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Columns |
____ of the Funerary Complex precedes Greeks' |
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thresholds |
colonnades serve as visual ____ of the funerary complex creating an inviting look |
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hypostyle |
Third Terrace has ____ hall and false tombs |
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Osiris |
Queen Hatshepsut is in the guise of ___, god of the dead and the underworld |
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mountain |
_____ serves as a natural pyramid that backgrounds the architecture. Linear movement starts from the movement to the river. |
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Amon |
Sun God of the New Kingdom |
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Axis |
Following the __ of the Amon Temple, you move back to time. |
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ceiling |
Amon temple follows public to private interior circulation with the ___ descending |
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Pylon |
Higher number of ___ is the earliest one and the furthest from the river. |
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Obelisk |
Obelisk marks the sun and the sun God. It is one of the tallest in the world, sitting in the middle of the columns in the temple. |
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hierarchy |
There is a clerestory, distinguished capitals...etc that indicate the architectural ___ of the building. |
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trebeated |
Capitals are trebeated with posts and lintels, and with provisions for light to come through. Not really spatial but dominant through monumental structures |
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lambs |
The temple doesn't have lions like previous temples but rather it has ___ that guard it. |
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Temple of Horus |
___ was a conservative architecture with a tremendous pylon that serves as a gate and a monumental facade |
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oasis |
Inside the pylon is a courtyard ___ that provides shades and a gathering space, an 'anti chamber.' A mix of brightly lit and dimly lit spaces! |
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axis |
___,aka path starts from the outside all the way to the temple's interior |
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Orthogonal order |
Every column is ordered in a ___ system. Hints that Egyptians ordered their architecture based on their geological surveys. (marking of their land) |
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Mesopotamia |
area between the Tigris and Euphrates River
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tell |
a now abandoned artificial mound of earth created by successivegenerations of human habitation and building in one place, typically taking the form of a low,conical form with a flat top |
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theocratic society |
a society governed directly by divine guidance or by officials deemed tobe divinely guided |
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ziggurat |
a rectangular temple-tower,usually composed of multiple, stepped-back stages which are accessible by means of ramps:"House of the Mountain, Mountain of the Storm, Bond between Heaven and Earth";"its foundations secure in the bosom of the nether world, and ... its summit like theheavens" |
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urbanism |
developing of cities and city forms |
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Assyrian |
Soumerian: Southern Mesopotamia ____: Northern Mesopotamia |
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Persians |
become the contemporary of the Greek buildings |
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tell |
people rebuilt and demolished over and over again forming a mound |
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Catalhoyouk |
earlier city that predates Mesopotamia's cities |
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building type |
____ is built by marriage of function and form |
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defenseive |
Catahouyouk were all connected together through walls for ____ purpose. Roofs were served as entrances to homes. (Roofscape) |
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Party walls |
a wall common to two adjoining buildings or rooms. |
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thermal comfort |
thermal mass of a sumerian mass that slowly heated and slowly cooled provided _____ |
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theocratic |
ziggurat was more than just a temple, as it was lifted up from the ground serving as an important building of the city. Sumerian cities were ___ |
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White Temple |
Ziggurat that was white washed to become the beacon of the city by reflecting light. It had an irregular form |
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representative |
King was considered a ____ of God on earth as exemplified by King Gudea scultpure holding a plan of Ziggurat |
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Stele of Ur-Nammu |
sculpture that shows the order of theocracy God - King - representatives - workers |
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regular |
Zigurat designs become more ___, with systemic circulations (2 staircases) |
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holes |
____ of the Zigurat might have been used for weepholes to grow plants and for drying the building. |
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Sharrukin |
new capital for Syrians that were built by Sargon with outer walls and inner walls that protect the city. |
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Citadel |
'fortified palace' |
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lamassu |
guardians of syrian gates |
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decorated |
In Syria, Zigurrat becomes smaller but ___ |
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intimidation |
Whole architecture and artworks were made to draw _____ of the Assyrian king |
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Persepolis |
Persian city founded by king Darius |
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welcome |
Persian city was designed to ___ all people |
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Hall of 100 columns |
square hypostyle hall that was served as a throne room of Persia (different from Egyptian hypostyle that was not always square) |
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art |
___ was used as a literary device to reveal what architecture was about in a time when people were illiterate |
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stairs |
open Persian ___ allow you to be surveyed as you are going up and down |
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ecleticism |
Court architecture of persia is defined for its ___ |
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harmony and empire |
Persian empire differs from Assyrian empire for its focus on _____ that welcomed all. |
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Minotaur |
mythical monster, half man and half bull, confined to a labyrinth on Crete devised byDaedalus for King Minos; he was given a periodic tribute of young men and women toconsume, until he was slain by the hero Theseus |
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megaron |
principal reception room of an Aegeanresidence or palace; oblong in plan, with a central hearth, and entered through a porchwith two columns between projecting spur walls; sometimes possesses an anteroomfollowing the porch |
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cyclopean masonry |
type of drymasonry construction (i.e., without mortar) characterized by huge, irregular stones laid inrandom patterns |
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tholos |
a circular tomb of beehive shape, built of stone and roofed by corbelling |
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dromos |
walled passageway leading to a tholos |
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hillside |
Minoan palace was built on ____ not hilltop. defense was unnecessary for it was located on an island. It was to worship their gods on the hilltop. (Aegean Architecture) |
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courtyard |
There is no defined order in Minoan Palace; it is irregular and not integrated with ____ in the center. Outer wall was the most formal |
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Residential |
_____ part of Minoan Palace was the most open while the walls and storage rooms were the most closed |
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timbers |
Columns of Minoan Palace were made of painted ____ not stones |
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layered spaces |
___ are formed by repetitive walls and columns |
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hierarchical |
Minoan society was less _____ |
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Mycenaeans |
Minoans were wiped out by __, or volcanic eruption |
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mountains |
Myceneans move to the ____ to settle always seeking strategic sites |
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evolves |
megaron evolves by the Myceneans morphing into more Greek form |
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warriors |
Myceneans are considered ____ in Illiad |
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elevated |
Mycenean walls were not equally ____ |
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corbelling |
cyclopean “arches” and “vaults” uses ____ |
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non-axial |
Cyclopean architecture had a ____ circulation; people had to go through several buildings to go to the center |
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mortar |
Cyclopena masonry uses no ____ with gaps filled in with smaller rocks |
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sun |
megarons are constructed toward the ___ taking the advantage of the light (solar characteristic) |
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strategic |
Mycenaean Citadel was sited with sea on the south and the land on the north for _____ purpose |
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Lion Gate |
Post and lintel trebeated gate with a reliving triangular stone atop of lintel with heraldic sculpture |
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beehive |
Mycenaean Tholos (___ tombs) was a grave, having more sophisticated interior than passage grave. |
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dromos |
Entrance passage or avenue leading to a building, tomb or passageway. Those leading to beehive tombs are enclosed between stone walls and sometimes in-filled between successive uses of the tomb.[ |
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threshold |
___ between inside and outside is marked with the gate (portal) that is defined in the beehive tomb |
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corbelled dome |
beehive tomb has a ______ a remarkable structural achievement before Greek domes. |
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