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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name two types of graphs commonly seen in specifiction sheets
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Fequency response
Polar response |
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In order to maintain proper voltage transfer between pieces of equipment, your input impedance must be at least 10 times _______ than your output.
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Greater
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Define "Audio Distortion"
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Any that alters pure signal input
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What does THD stand for?
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Total Hormonic Distortion
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Define musical "dynamic range"
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Difference between the loudest and quietest passage of a musical performance.
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Define electronic "dynamic range"
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Difference between the max output level and noise floor
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Most amplifiers operate in two different modes, what are they?
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Dual channel stereo
Bridge mono |
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Name 3 types of internal wiring for drivers in a speaker cabinet
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Parallel
Series-parallel Series |
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If I wire two 8 ohm drivers in series, what is my impedence?
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16
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If I wire two 8 ohm drivers in parallel, what is my impedence?
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4
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A micrphone is a transducer. It converts ________ energy to ________ energy.
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Acoustic
Electrical |
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Name the 5 most typical patterns for all microphones.
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Omnidirectional
Bidirectional Cardioid Supercardioid Hypercardioid |
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When using a cardioid vocal microphone, your monitor wedge should be oriented where in relation to the mic?
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180 degrees off axis
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Many vocal microphones have a rise in their high frequency response, why?
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Vocal Clarity
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Define the term "transient response"
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The mics ability to react quickly to changes in air pressure.
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Define the term "proximity effect"
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The bass response increases as the mic is moved closer to the sound source
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How may times can an analog splitter split your input signal before degradation and impendance problems?
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3
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Name 4 types of audio signal splitting
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parallel
transformer isolate active digital |
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Name the 4 major components of an analog splitter system
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Main splitter rack
Subsnake Multipin cables Multipin xlr connectors |
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On touring splitter system, the console that is to provide phantom power to the microphones must be connected to which split?
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Parallel split
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What type of digital splitter is used at FSL1?
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Whirlwind Esnake
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What does the term "console frame" refer to?
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Number of inputs
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Your preamplifier, or gain, is used to boost ____ level signals to _____ level signals.
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Mic
Line |
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How many EQ filters do most professional consoles have on each channel?
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5
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High pass filters are used to cut out unwanted ____ frequency information
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Low
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(true/false)
Aux sends take copies of input channels and Matrix Sends take copies of output busses |
true
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Define the term audio subgroup
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post fader unity gain send
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define the term Aux Send
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Pre or post fader variable send
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Name 3 practical uses for the matrix
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delay stacks
recording feeds ALD |
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Why do we have an internal oscillator on our consoles
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for component testing
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What does the term VCA stand for and how is it used?
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Voltage Controlled Amplifier
Controls other inpt faders |
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If an analog console is modular in it's design, what does that mean?
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Each inut and output has it's own piece of hardware.
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What does a Mute Group do?
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Allows you to mute multiple channels at once by pressing 1 button.
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Name 3 types of pwoer generaton other than coal.
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nuclear
Solar Geothermal |
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According to Ohms Law, if you increase the _______, the amperage (current) decreases.
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Voltage
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In a 3 phase Y power system, how many conductors are there and what are their color codes?
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5
Black, red, blue, green, white |
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What is the name of the industry standard connector used to tie your power distribution rack into a venus disconnect?
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camlock
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what is the tie in sequence when connecting camlocks to your power distro?
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Ground, Nuetral, hot, hot, hot
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Once power is safely tied in, you are ready to start doing what?
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Metering voltages
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One a 3 phase Y power system, voltage between a hot leg and ground should be?
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120v
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One a 3 phase Y power system, voltage between 2 hot legs should be?
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208v
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What are two types of over current protection devices used in audio equipment?
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Circuit Breaker
Fuse |
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Define "THD"
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The measure of the total amount of harmonic distortion present at the output of a console or piece of gear.
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When looking at Sensitivity specs for a cabinets fequency band, what exactly are you learning from th spec?
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The dB SPL output at 1w/1m
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What does ''IMD" stand for?
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Intermodulation Distortion
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What are audio horns used for?
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Used to control the dispersion pattern of drivers
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Name two settings that a condenser microphone Will often have on the mic
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High Pass Filter
Pad |
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(True/false)
most professional microphones have an output impedance of between 50 ohms and 200 ohms |
true
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Name 3 microphone accessories ofter used in sound reinforcement.
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Shock Mount
Wind Screen Stereo mounting bar |
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Name two things you could use a direct output for
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Multitrack recording
FX Sounds |
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What are the two user-compatible parameters of a shelving filter?
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Gain
Frequency |
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What are the three user-compatible parameters of a parametric filter?
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Center Frequency
Gain Bandwith |
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(true/false)
Multiple channels can be mixed to 1 aux output |
true
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Most digital consoles have their inputs and outputs in external racks called the
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FOH
Stage rack |
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Define "soft patching"
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the ability to assign an XLR input to any fader on the console
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Define the term "Virtual soundtrack"
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Sound checking with a multitrack recording instead of a band
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Name 3 ways that you can store the settings on a digital consoles(types of media)
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USB Key
Compact flash card Internal harddrive |
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Name two features that we are going to see coming out on future digital consoles
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System processors on board
Amplifier monitoring on board |
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What does the fader flip function allow an engineer to do?
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Allows you to mix using the fadesr instead of the knobs
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Define latency as it relates to digital audio consoles
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delay in milliseconds due to analog to digital conversions
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Define "attack time" as it relates to the Envelope of Sound
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The amount of time it takes for the sound source to reach it's max amplitude output.
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Define "Sustain time" as it relates to the envelope of sound
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the amount f time the sound source stays at it's maximum amplitude before it stars to decay
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Define "decay time" as it relates to the envelope of sound
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the amount of time it takes for an audio signal to decay by 60dB
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Name the 5 parameters of a compressor
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Threshold
ratio attack decay output gain |
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What are the 5 parameters of a gate?
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threshold
attack ratio hold release |
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What two signals does a compressor graph compare
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input level vs output level
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Limiters are defined as any compressor with an ____ or higher ratio setting
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8:1
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where in the signal flow chain are limiters used most often in sound reinforcement?
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Band pass outputs of the crossover
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What does the range (or depth) control do on a gate
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the attenuation on a sound source after the gate is closed
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Define the term RT60
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the amount of time it takes the audio signal to decay by 60 dB when the signal has stopped
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Name the 4 primary ways to create artificial reverberation
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reverb chamber
spring chamber plate reverb digital reverb |
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List the slope in dB per Octave for the following orders
1st 2nd 3rd 4th |
6dB
12dB 18dB 24dB |
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Define the term Octave
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halving or dounbling the frequency
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What is the octave about 1 KHz
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2 khz
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what is the octave below 500 hz
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250hz
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Octaves are perceived by our ears as having equal ____
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pitch
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What are the three primary shapes of crossover filters
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Link-weitx Riley
Butterworth Bessel |
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Crossover filters affect the _______ and the ____ of an audio signal
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frequency
Level |
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What is a dedicated crossover
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designed and dedicated to 1 speaker system only
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If I am using a stereo 4 way system, how many inputs and outputs does my crossover need to have?
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2 Inputs
8 outputs |
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Name the three categories of video production as outlined in class
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live
live on tape taped for post prodction |
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What does IMAG stand for? Provide an example of where you might see this style of video production
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Image Magnification
Video at concerts so the people far away from the stage can see the band |
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What does ENG stand for?
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Electronic New Gathering
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What does EFP stand for
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Electronic Field Production
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What does NTSC stand for
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National Television Systems Committee
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What is the resolution and frame rate for NTSC color video?
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525 Lines
29.97 fps |
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With regards to the television signal, what does luminance refer to?
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Brightness
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With regards to the televsion signal, what does chominance refer to?
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color
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in NTSC video, what is the IRE value for video black
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7.5
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in NTSC video, what is the IRE value for "no signal black"
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0
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in NTSC video, what timecode standard is used when it is important to know exactly long a video clip is in hours, minutes, seconds, and frames.
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DF (drop Frame)
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Name the three principle parts of a video camera
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Lens, Camera Body, View Finder
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What does CCD stand for? What does a CCD do?
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Charged Coupled Device
Tranduces light energy to electrical energy |
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Name the four primary types of transitions in video
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Cut
Wipe Dissolve Key |
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What specialized video monitor displays the luminance and horizontal sync information contained in the video signal
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Waveform
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What specialized video monitor displays chominance information along with the Sub Carrier
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Vectorscope
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What is a Flypack
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Mobile video system
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Deine/describe what the following camera shots would look like if the subject was a single person]
Waist shot close up wide shot |
waist on up
head and shoulders head to toe |
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Define the term Headroom
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Verticle proportioning
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define the term depth of Field
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The area of the image where the objects are in focus
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Define the term Perception of depth
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the more you zoom out depth is greater
more you zoom in it decreases |
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Putting a camera on wheels and pushing it toward the stage during a live shot would be an example of what type of pedestal movement
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dolly in
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What would be the directors instruction to a camera operator if the director wanted the camera to be moved from house right to house left parallel to the front of the stage?
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Arc from right to left
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