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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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antibody |
protein produced by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses |
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antigen |
a foreign substance from the environment, such as chemicals, bacteria, viruses, or pollen that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it |
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hemagglutination |
form of agglutination that involves red blood cells (RBCs) and is used in diagnostic testing |
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hemagglutination inhibition |
test to determine the amount of a specific antigen in a blood serum sample |
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latex agglutination |
a test for a specific antibody in which the corresponding antigen is adsorbed on spherical polystyrene latex particles which undergo agglutination upon addition of the specific antibody |
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titer |
the concentration of an antibody, as determined by finding the highest dilution at which it is still able to cause agglutination of the antigen |
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acute titer |
serum taken while illness is symptomatic |
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convalescent titer |
serum taken after symptoms subside |
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hcG (Human chorionic gonadotropin) |
hormone that is produced when you are pregnant |
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ELISA |
a common laboratory technique which is used to measure the concentration of an analyte (usually antibodies or antigens) in solution ex. pregnancy test |
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immune complex |
formed from the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen |
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specificity |
property of a test to diagnose a specific antibody or antigen and not react with other related substances goal: eliminate false positives |
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sensitivity |
the ability of the test to detect very small amounts of an antibody or antigen goal: eliminate false negative |
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Mononucleosis Hemagglutination Test |
cause: Epstein Barr virus (EBV) method: serum sample is added to RBCs which have been infected with virus, if antibodies are present they will "lock" to virus and clump positive: clumping or hemagglutination test ID: antibodies INDIRECT |
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Mono Spot test |
hemagglutination procedure which tests for antibodies by adding horse red blood cells which allow it to be visualized positive result = clumping (agglutination) indirect test |
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Mononucleosis Latex Agglutination Test |
method: antibody molecules bind to latex beads which form a milky suspension then it is mixed with a serum thought to contain the antigen. If the specific antigen is present than it will bind and will crosslink coming many antibody latex complexes which we see as clumping positive: clumping or agglutination test ID: antibodies INDIRECT |
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Rubella Hemagglutination Inhibition Test (HAI) |
method: mixing known amount of rubella viral antigen with serial dilutions of a patient's serum and adding RBCs. If antibodies are present than virus will be bound and not be able to agglutinate to the RBCs positive: agglutination of RBCs test ID: antibodies INDIRECT |
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Hemagglutination Inhibiition Test (HAI) |
test which detects antibodies for viruses which have the ability to agglutinate with red blood cells antibodies combine with antigen (virus) instead of it agglutinating with RBCs |
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titer |
highest dilution of the patient's serum that completely inhibits agglutination of RBCs expressed as the reciprocal of the last dilution that gives an antibody-antigen reaction |
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button (RBCs at bottom of well) |
What indicates if the antibody is present in the Rubella test? |
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four |
how many times greater does the covalescent titer need to be than the acute titer to have rubella? |
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lower |
What would happen to the titer if more than the standard amount of virus was added to assay? |
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higher |
what would happen to the titer if less than the standard amount of virus was added to the assay? |
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ELISA Test |
method: antibodies specific for a known antigen are fixed to a microtiter plate or bead, incubated with a second antibody wih an attached enzyme specific for that antigen. Enzyme activity results in a positive result (color change) positive: color change test ID: antigen DIRECT |
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Pregnancy ELISA test |
method: use a urine sample to test for the presence of HCG hormone, if the hormone is present it will cause a color change on the enzyme being used positive: color change (beyond control) test ID: antigen (hormone) DIRECT |
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Clumping is visible |
What is the function of RBCS in hemagglutination test? |
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Nothing to bind to |
Why does button (RBCs) appear in the bottom of the well if a person has adequate levels of antibodies? |
