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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA repair
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1. Direct repair
2. Base excision repair (BER) 3. Nucleotide excision repair (MER) 4. Mismatch repair (MMR) 5. Recombination repair 6. Error-prone repair |
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Direct repair
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a. Direct repair of pyrimidine dimers with photolyase
b. Direct repair of alkylated bases |
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Base excision repair (BER)
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The damaged bases are removed and replaced
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Nucleotide excision repair (NER)
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In response to helix distortions, the damaged nucleotides are removed and replaced
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Error-prone repair
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A process of the last sort due to high mutagenecity
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Recombination
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1. Homologous recombination
2. Site-specific recombination |
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_______ promotes recombination in E. coli
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RecA
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_______ initiates recombination
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RecBCD
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_______ mediates the branch migration
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RuvABC
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Recombination repairs
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a. Repair of a replication fork with a single-strand nick
b. Repair of a double-strand break in DNA by homologous end-joining |
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Effects of site-specific recombination
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a. Inversion
b. Deletion and insertion |
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Transposons
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-Mobile genetic elements
-Variation in phenotypic expression over the short term and evolutionary development over the long term -Each transposon encodes the transposase enzymes that insert it into the recipient DNA -No homology is required btw donor and recipient DNA (Nonhomologous recombination) |
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Transcriptional termination in prokaryotes
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1. Rho-independent termination
2. Rho-dependent termination |
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Rho-independent termination
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-Terminator sequence: Hairpin structure with oligo(U) tail
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Rho-dependent termination
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-No obvious sequence similarity
-Rho factor |
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Eukaryotic RNA polymerases
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RNA polymerase I-rRNA
RNA polymerase II-mRNA RNA polymerase III-tRNA, 5S rRNA, small nuclear and cytosolic RNAs |
