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18 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Anatomy
study of internal structures
anatomy
the part of the body
physiology
the function of the structure
cell
simplest unit of life (living)
International Anatomical Terminology

Terminolgia Anatomica
1998. formal medical terminology established
Level of organization
atom, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
homeostasis
stable internal environment
Autoregulation (intrinsic)
when cell, tissue, organ - adjusts its activities automatically in response to environmental change.
Extrinsic regulation
results from actions of THE NERVOUS SYSTEM or
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (systems that adjust/control other systems simultaneously).
examples of extrinsic regulation resulting from nervous system:
-directs rapid, short-term, specific responses
hand on hot stove, heat produces pain, (localized disturbance of homeostasis), nervous systems responds by ordering immediate contraction, pull hand away.
extrinsic regulation resulting from endocrine system:
-releases chemical messengers called hormones. Not immediately apparent responses, may persist for awhile.
long term regulation of blood volume and composition. and adjustment of organ system function during starvation.
3 components of homeostatic regulation:
receptors, control ctr, effector
Receptor: sensor sensitive to stimulation or environmental change.
Thermometer
control center (integration ctr):
receives and processes info supplied by receptor.
thermostat
effector ( cell/organ that responds to commands at command ctr and does activity to either OPPOSE or
ENHANCE the stimulus
Air conditioner turns on.
negative feedback
primary mechanism in homeostasis. turns off extreme conditions, provides long term control of body conditions and systems.
positive feedback
rare in body, initial stimulus produces an exaggerated/enhanced response. ie- childbirth (labor) or blood clotting.
Escalating cycle is positive ffedback loop.
Dynamic Equilibrium
homeostasis