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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Atoms |
Submicroscopic particles, smallest building block of chemical matter. |
Small |
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Molecules (4points) |
1.A group of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bond. 2.Atoms can be of the same element or different element. 3.Different bonds have diff strengths. 4.Come in different shapes. |
4 points |
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All matter is made up of ________ |
Atoms |
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Chemistry |
Seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules. |
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Science is.... |
Empirical knowledge gained buy using the scientific method. |
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Matter |
Occupies space and has a rest mass. |
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What is not matter? |
Energy |
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Solids |
1.Atoms or molecules closely packed and fixed in position. 2.vibrations and no moving past one another. 3.incompressible (close packing) 4.fixed shape and volume. (Fixed position) |
4 points |
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Crystalline solids |
Well defined forms, which reflects an orderly arrangement of atoms or molecules. |
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Amorphous solids |
Not well defined forms, because their particles are randomly arranged without a long-range order. |
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Example of amorphous solid |
Glass, rubber, amber |
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Example of crystalline solid |
Hexagonal beryl, trigonal quartz |
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Liquids molecules are? |
1.Closely packed 2.incompressible due to close packing 3. Able to move past one another and flow. 4. Cannot expand to full container. |
4 points |
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What state of matter has complete freedom to move? |
Gas |
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Gases move.... |
Constantly,always colliding. File container. |
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Only form of matter that is compressible |
Gases |
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Mixture |
Combo of 2 or more substances. |
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Homogeneous mixture |
Atoms or molecules mix uniformly. |
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Heterogeneous mixture |
Atoms or molecules do not mix uniformly. |
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What can be used to separate a mixture based on different physical properties? |
Physical methods |
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What is required to separate the elements in a pure substance (compound)? |
A chemical reaction. |
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Physical change |
Does not alter the comp or identity of a substance. Ex ice melting. |
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Chemical change |
Alters composition or identity of a substance. Ex combustion. |
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A substance displays physical properties... |
W/o chemical change |
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A substance displays chemical properties... |
Through chemical change |
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Energy is... |
The capacity to do work. |
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Energy goes with |
Chemical and physical changes |
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E= |
Ek +Ep |
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Kinetic energy |
Related to motion. Thermal energy is motion of atoms/molecules. |
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Potential enetgy |
Related to position. A book about to fall of a hug book case. |
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Chemical energy |
Stored within chem bonds |
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Law of conservation of enery |
Energy is not created or destroyed. Energy is converted. |
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Measured quantity |
Number+unit |
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What is measured is m? |
Length. M=meter |
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What is measured in kg? |
Mass. Kg =kilogram |
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K stands for? And measures what? |
Kelvin. Temp. |
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What is measured in mol ? |
Amount of substance. =mole |
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Exa or E |
(10^18) |
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Peta or P |
10^15 |
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Tera or T |
10^12 |
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Giga or G |
10^9 |
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Mega or M |
10^6 or 1000000 |
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Kilo or k |
1000 or 10^3 |
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Deci or d |
0.1, (10^-1) also 1/10 |
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Centi or c |
0.01, (10^-2) or 1/100 |
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Milli or m |
0.001, (10^-3) or 1/1000 |
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Micro or μ |
.000001or 10^-6 |
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Nano or n |
10^-9 |
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Pico or p |
10^-12 |
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Femto or f |
10^-15 |
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Atto or a |
10^-18 |
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One inch is |
2.54cm |
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L and mL are units for? |
Volume |
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1mL= |
1cm^3 |
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D= |
M/v |
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V= |
M/d |
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M= |
dV |
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Extensive property |
Depends on how much matter there is. |
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Ex of extensive prop |
Mass, length and volume |
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Intensive prop |
Does not depend on quantity. Ex density and temp. |
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Measured quantity= |
Number + unit |
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Leading zeros are... |
Not significant |
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Trailing zeros after decimal are... |
Significant |
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Exact numbers |
From definitions or counting things. |
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How many significant figures does an exact number have? |
Infinite |
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Significant fig in calculations |
Are limited by the least sign digit in an original # |
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+or- |
Cannot have more digits to the right of the decimal than any of the original #'s |
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×or÷ |
Goes with original # that's has the smallest number of sig figs. |
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How many sig figs can this problems answer have? 4.51×3.6666=16.536366 |
3. Answer is 16.5 |
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Multi step calcs with ×/÷ and +/- |
Underline least sig fig in intermediate answer. Round only final answer. |
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Accuracy |
How close a measurement is to the actual value |
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Precision |
How close a set of measurements are to eachother. |
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Imprecision is cause by... |
Random errors. Cannot be corrected for. Should average out. |
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Inaccuracy is caused by... |
Systemic errors. Can be corrected. Do not average out. |
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3 steps to dimensional analysis |
1. Determine unit conversion factors 2. Carry units. 3. All units cancel out but desired final unit. |
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3 steps to set up conversion factor (3points) |
1. Find equivalent relationship. Ex. 1in=2.54cm 2.conceptual plan. In->cm 3. Change equivalence into conversion factor w starting unit on bottom. 2.54cm/1in |
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