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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define anatomy |
scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structure. What are the different parts ; where are they located
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Define Physiology |
scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things. What it does
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What level is the following description: "interaction of atoms. ex: ions how they move in and out of membranes for electrical impulses between neutrons"
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Chemical |
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Define the Cell Level |
structural and functional unit of living organisms. ex: cell membrane
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What level is the following description:
"group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them. Surrounding fluids can be important to function" |
Tissue |
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Define Organ System level |
group of organs functioning together ex: urinary system
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what level is the following description: " two or more tissues functioning together ex: urinary bladder" |
Organ level |
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Define Organism Level |
any living thing. ex: homeostasis
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What is the anatomical position |
Body erect, face forward, feet together, palms face forward
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what is the supine position |
lying face upward with palms towards the ground |
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lying face down with palms up |
prone |
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towards head (head, neck and torso only)
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Superior (Cephalic)
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away from the head (head neck and torso only)
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Inferior (Caudal)
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Medial
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close to the midline (divides body into right and left)
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Lateral
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farther from the midline
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closer to torso (limbs)
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Proximal
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Distal
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farther away from torso (distant = distal) (limbs)
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closer to outside
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Superficial
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closer to inside
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Deep
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front of body
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Anterior (Ventral)
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toward the back
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Posterior (Dorsal)
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vertically through the body, separates right and left
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Sagittal
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divides body into anterior and posterior sections
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Frontal (Coronal)
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divides body into superior and inferior sections
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Transverse (Cross)
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Oblique
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Other than at a right angle
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cut along the length of an organ
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Longitudinal
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cut at right angle to length of the organ, cut through the smallest part
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Cross/Transverse
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Oblique
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cut at any but a right angle
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Diaphragm
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skeletal muscles divides body cavity into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
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contains all structures of the thoracic cavity except the lungs
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Mediastinum
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Abdominal Cavity
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contains the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys
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Pelvic Cavity
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contains urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, reproductive organs
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Serous Membranes
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Cover the organs of trunkcavities & line the cavity
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inner wall that touches and is closest the the organ |
visceralserous membrane
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outer wall and lining |
parietal serous membrane |
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serous fluid |
Cavity between twomembranes filled withlubricating, very slippery. provides no friction between organ and parietal membrane |
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organs with no serous membrane |
retroperitoneal organs |
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Homeostasis |
The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body
the ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes |
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normal level of a variable
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set point |
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monitors the value of some variable
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receptor |
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control centre
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establishes the set point ; found in the central nervous system
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effector
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can change the value of the variable (target tissue, muscle or cell)
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stimulus
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deviation from set point ; detected by receptor
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produced by the effector, brings back to set point to maintain homeostasis
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response |
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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
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any deviation from the set point is made smaller ( resist changes from the set point); causes variable to fall back to normal rangeex: regulation of blood pressure, blood sugar and body temperature
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POSITIVE FEEDBACK
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when deviation occurs the response is to make the greater deviation greaterconstantly increasing or decreasing values outside of the normal rangehomeostasis is not maintained
usually happens because of some pathological issueunusual in normal, healthy individuals. leads away from homeostasis and can result in deathnormal PF system: Childbirth |
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consequence of homeostasis not being maintained |
disease~ ex: diabetes ; blood glucose not maintaineddeath~ ex: if diabetes/glucose levels are not monitored it can lead to death
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what is the uterus made of? |
smooth muscle, which can't be consciously controlled |
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female sex cell |
oocyte |
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ampulla |
region of the f tubes, where fertilization occurs |
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what % of sperm make it into the uterus |
1% |
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prostaglandins |
released by sperm to stimulate uterine contractions. helps sperm get to f tubes |
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oxytocin |
female hormone released to stimulate uterine contractions. helps sperm get to f tubes |
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last 30 weeks, now fetus, organ systems get more developed and grow |
fetal period |
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Embryonic Period |
When woman finds out she's pregnant. 3rd-8th week. Urinary system, reproduction system, lungs etc |
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two haploid cells become one diploid cell. develops into germ layers |
Germinal period |
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how many days can sperm last |
approx 6 |
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how long is the oocyte able to be fertilized |
24 hrs |
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clinical/medical events |
date since last menstrual period ( clinical age of the baby) |
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*embryologists |
post-ovulatory age (approx 14 days less than clinical age) age and time since fertilization |
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clear membrane, protective layer of oocyte surrounding plasm. Hardest layer to get through |
zona pellucida |
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loose layer of cells. easy layer to get through |
corona radiata |
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what does the acrosome contain? what does the substance do |
The acrosome contains digestive enzymes that helps the sperm get get through the zona pellucida |
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What is ZP3? What does it do? |
The ZP3 is a receptor in the zona pellucida. Only certain sperm can bind to the ZP3. Once the sperm does actually bind to the receptor, digestive enzymes in the acrosome of the sperm are activated and these enzymes start to break down the zona pellucida. |
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What is the acrosomal reaction |
When the digestive enzymes in the acrosome get activated |
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What is integrinα6β1 |
This is a receptor on the plasm. The first sperm that gets through the zona pellucida and binds to the receptor causes an electrical shock (depolarization) which shocks/stops any other sperm to come into the oocyte |
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refers to heart
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Pericardium
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refers tolungs andthoracic cavity
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Pleura
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refers toabdominopelviccavity
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Peritoneum
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head |
cephalic |
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neck |
cervical |
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chest |
pectoral |
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breastbone |
sternal |
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breast |
mammary |
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naval |
umbilical |
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groin |
inguinal |
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thorax |
thoracic |
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ear |
otic |
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cheek |
buccal |
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collar bone |
clavicular |
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armpit |
axillary |
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arm |
brachial |
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front of elbow |
antecubital |
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forearm |
antebrachial |
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wrist |
carpal |
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palm |
palmar |
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digits |
fingers and toes |
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hand |
manual |
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hip |
coxal |
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thigh |
femoral |
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kneecap |
patellar |
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leg |
crural |
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ankle |
talus |
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top of foot |
dorsum |
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foot |
pedal |
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skull |
cranial |
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base of skull |
occipital |
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back of neck |
nuchal |
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back |
dosal |