• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/99

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

99 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Define anatomy

scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structure. What are the different parts ; where are they located

Define Physiology

scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things. What it does
What level is the following description: "interaction of atoms. ex: ions how they move in and out of membranes for electrical impulses between neutrons"

Chemical

Define the Cell Level

structural and functional unit of living organisms. ex: cell membrane
What level is the following description:

"group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them. Surrounding fluids can be important to function"

Tissue

Define Organ System level

group of organs functioning together ex: urinary system

what level is the following description:


" two or more tissues functioning together ex: urinary bladder"

Organ level

Define Organism Level

any living thing. ex: homeostasis

What is the anatomical position

Body erect, face forward, feet together, palms face forward

what is the supine position

lying face upward with palms towards the ground

lying face down with palms up

prone

towards head (head, neck and torso only)
Superior (Cephalic)
away from the head (head neck and torso only)
Inferior (Caudal)
Medial
close to the midline (divides body into right and left)
Lateral
farther from the midline
closer to torso (limbs)
Proximal
Distal
farther away from torso (distant = distal) (limbs)
closer to outside
Superficial
closer to inside
Deep
front of body
Anterior (Ventral)
toward the back
Posterior (Dorsal)
vertically through the body, separates right and left
Sagittal
divides body into anterior and posterior sections
Frontal (Coronal)
divides body into superior and inferior sections
Transverse (Cross)
Oblique
Other than at a right angle
cut along the length of an organ
Longitudinal
cut at right angle to length of the organ, cut through the smallest part
Cross/Transverse
Oblique
cut at any but a right angle
Diaphragm
skeletal muscles divides body cavity into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
contains all structures of the thoracic cavity except the lungs
Mediastinum
Abdominal Cavity
contains the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys
Pelvic Cavity
contains urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, reproductive organs
Serous Membranes
Cover the organs of trunkcavities & line the cavity

inner wall that touches and is closest the the organ

visceralserous membrane

outer wall and lining

parietal serous membrane

serous fluid

Cavity between twomembranes filled withlubricating, very slippery. provides no friction between organ and parietal membrane

organs with no serous membrane

retroperitoneal organs

Homeostasis

The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body



the ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes

normal level of a variable

set point

monitors the value of some variable

receptor

control centre
establishes the set point ; found in the central nervous system
effector
can change the value of the variable (target tissue, muscle or cell)
stimulus
deviation from set point ; detected by receptor
produced by the effector, brings back to set point to maintain homeostasis

response

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
any deviation from the set point is made smaller ( resist changes from the set point); causes variable to fall back to normal rangeex: regulation of blood pressure, blood sugar and body temperature
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
when deviation occurs the response is to make the greater deviation greaterconstantly increasing or decreasing values outside of the normal rangehomeostasis is not maintained

usually happens because of some pathological issueunusual in normal, healthy individuals. leads away from homeostasis and can result in deathnormal PF system: Childbirth

consequence of homeostasis not being maintained

disease~ ex: diabetes ; blood glucose not maintaineddeath~ ex: if diabetes/glucose levels are not monitored it can lead to death

what is the uterus made of?

smooth muscle, which can't be consciously controlled

female sex cell

oocyte

ampulla

region of the f tubes, where fertilization occurs

what % of sperm make it into the uterus

1%

prostaglandins

released by sperm to stimulate uterine contractions. helps sperm get to f tubes

oxytocin

female hormone released to stimulate uterine contractions. helps sperm get to f tubes

last 30 weeks, now fetus, organ systems get more developed and grow

fetal period

Embryonic Period

When woman finds out she's pregnant. 3rd-8th week. Urinary system, reproduction system, lungs etc

two haploid cells become one diploid cell. develops into germ layers

Germinal period

how many days can sperm last

approx 6

how long is the oocyte able to be fertilized

24 hrs

clinical/medical events

date since last menstrual period ( clinical age of the baby)

*embryologists

post-ovulatory age (approx 14 days less than clinical age) age and time since fertilization

clear membrane, protective layer of oocyte surrounding plasm. Hardest layer to get through

zona pellucida

loose layer of cells. easy layer to get through

corona radiata

what does the acrosome contain?


what does the substance do

The acrosome contains digestive enzymes that helps the sperm get get through the zona pellucida

What is ZP3? What does it do?

The ZP3 is a receptor in the zona pellucida. Only certain sperm can bind to the ZP3. Once the sperm does actually bind to the receptor, digestive enzymes in the acrosome of the sperm are activated and these enzymes start to break down the zona pellucida.

What is the acrosomal reaction

When the digestive enzymes in the acrosome get activated

What is integrinα6β1

This is a receptor on the plasm. The first sperm that gets through the zona pellucida and binds to the receptor causes an electrical shock (depolarization) which shocks/stops any other sperm to come into the oocyte

refers to heart
Pericardium
refers tolungs andthoracic cavity
Pleura
refers toabdominopelviccavity
Peritoneum

head

cephalic

neck

cervical

chest

pectoral

breastbone

sternal

breast

mammary

naval

umbilical

groin

inguinal

thorax

thoracic

ear

otic

cheek

buccal

collar bone

clavicular

armpit

axillary

arm

brachial

front of elbow

antecubital

forearm

antebrachial

wrist

carpal

palm

palmar

digits

fingers and toes

hand

manual

hip

coxal

thigh

femoral

kneecap

patellar

leg

crural

ankle

talus

top of foot

dorsum

foot

pedal

skull

cranial

base of skull

occipital

back of neck

nuchal

back

dosal