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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a retrovirus that depletes the helper T lymphocytes CD4?
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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What is the definition of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)?
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CD4 count less than 200 or history of opportunistic infection
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What is a normal CD4 count?
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800-1200
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What is the MOA of Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors NRTIs?
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Interfere with HIV viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, resulting in chain termination and inhibition of viral replication.
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What NRTI does not have to be dose adjusted for renal impairment?
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Abacavir
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What NRTI are dosed based on weight?
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didanosine, stavudine, and lamivudine
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What are common class toxicities of NRTIs?
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Lactic acidosis
Severe hepatomegaly with steatosis |
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NRTI's are prodrugs requiring what?
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2-3 phosphorylations for activation
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Why should didanosine and stavudine not be used together during pregnancy?
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Increased risk of lactic acidosis and liver damage
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What is the MOA on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors NNRTIs?
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Bind to reverse transcriptase at a different site than the NRTIs, resulting in inhibition of HIV replication
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Zidovudine
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Retrovir
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Lamivudine
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Epivir
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Abacavir
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Ziagen
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Didanosine
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Videx EC
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Stavudine
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Zerit
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Zalcitabine
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Hivid
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Tenofovir
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Viread
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Emtricitabine
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Emtriva
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What are the adverse events zidovudine?
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bone marrow suppression; GI intolerance
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what are the adverse events lamivudine?
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Minimal toxicity
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What are the AE of abacavir?
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hypersensitivity reactions (fatal); symptoms include rash, fever, etc
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What are the AE of didanosine?
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Pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy
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What are the AE of stavudine?
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Pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy
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what are the AE of zalcitabine?
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pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, stomatitis
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What are the AE of tenofovir?
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renal insufficiency
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What are the AE of emtricitabine?
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minimal toxicity
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Is efavirenz CI in pregnancy?
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Yes
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What DI do NNRTIs have?
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cyp450 3a4 inducers or inhibitors
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Which class inhibit protease which prevents the cleavage of HIV polyproteins and subsequently induces the formation of immature noninfectious viral particles
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Protease inhibitors
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Which protease inhibitors don't have to be taken with food?
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Amprenavir & indinavir
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Why should amprenavir and fosamprenavir not be used together?
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B/c they are chemically similar
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What do atazanavir and indinavir require for absorption?
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normal acid levels in the stomach
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Which PI is the most potent inhibitor in its class and mostly used for intensification of other PI's
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Ritonavir
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What do lopinavir/ritonavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir sof gel caps require?
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Refrigeration
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What are the class toxicities of PI?
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Lipodystrophy
Hyperglycemia Hyperlipidemia Hypertriglyceridemia Bleeding in hemophiliacs Osteonecrosis and avascular necrosis of the hips Osteopenia and osteoporosis |
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What should be monitored when using PIs?
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Glucose
LFTs TC (TGD) GI side effects S/s of bone pain |
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All PI's are what?
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CYP450-3A4 inhibitors
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Efavirenz
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Sustiva
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Nevirapine
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Viramune
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Delavirdine
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Rescriptor
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Kaletra
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Lopinavir/ritonavir
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Viracept
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Nelfiavir
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Reyataz
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Atazanavir
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Fosamprenavir
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Lexiva
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Amprenavir
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Agenerase
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Saquinavir
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Invarase
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Darunavir
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Prezista
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What is the main AE of nelfinavir?
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Diarrhea
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What are the PI?
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Lopinavir
Ritonavir Atazanavir Fosamprenavir Amprenavir Saquinavir Darunavir Tipranavir Indanavir |
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What does Nelfinavir need for absorption?
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500 calories of food take after eating
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What is the AE of fosamprenavir?
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Skin rash
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What are the AE of amprenavir?
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GI intolerance, skin rash
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What are the AE of saquinavir?
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GI intolerance, increased LFTs
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What are the AE of tipranavir?
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Hepatoxicity, skin rash, intracranial hemorrhage
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What are the AE of ritonavir?
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GI intolerance
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Tipranavir
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Aptivus
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Ritonavir
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norvir
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Indinavir
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Crixivan
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What drug in pregnancy can decrease the risk of HIV transmission alone in pregnancy?
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Zidovudine
The mother should receive IV during labor and infant for 6 weeks |
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What should be used in HIV+ women in labor who have had no previous antiretroviral therapy?
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Single dose nevirapine at onset of labor
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What opportunistic infections require primary prophylaxis in HIV?
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PCP, MAC
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What is the prophylaxis of PCP?
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TMP/SMX
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What is the prophylaxis of MAC?
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Azithromycin 1200mg QWeek
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