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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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paradoxical embolism occurs when? |
a thrombus from venous system crosses into the arterial circulation via an abn connection betw right and left cardiac chamber (patent foramen ovale, ASD, VSD) |
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what kind of shunts facilitates paradoxical embolism cause |
atrial left to right shunts can cause a fixed splitting of S2 and therefor facilitate paradoxical embolism d/t periods of transient shunt reversal (straining or coughing) |
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Von Hippel-Lindau dz. |
AD capillary hemangioblastomas in the retina cerebellum congential cysts neoplasms in the kidney, liver, and pancreas |
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Pt with Von Hippel-Lindau dz may have an increase risk of what type of carcinoma |
bilateral renal cell carcinoma |
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cystic medial degeneration is also called |
myxomatous change in the media of large arteries d/t fragmentation of elastic tissue (basket weave pattern of separated elastic fibers) |
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myxomatous change can be found in what type of pts? |
marfans pt d/t their defect in extracellular glycoprotein fibrillin-1 causing myxomatous changes-->cystic medial degeneration. |
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Meniere's dz is d/t |
increased volume and pressure of endolymph in the vestibular apparatus |
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lobar hemorrhage of an pt that is elderly >60 what is the cause |
cerebral amyloid angiopathy. which is a conseq of Beta- amyloid deposition in the walls of sm and md sized cerebral arteries which weakens and predispose to rupture |
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axonal reaction is? |
the changes in the body of a neuron after the axon has been severed. |
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what are characteristics of axonal reaction |
enlarged, rounded cells with peripherally located nuclei and dispersed finely granular nissl substances are seen |
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tetanus can affect what neurotransmitter? |
glycine |
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why does tetanus affect glycine |
produces metalloprotease exotoxin (tetanosapsmin) the binds to receptor on presynaptic membranes of peripheral motor neurons, then it migrates by retrograde axonal transport to inhibitary area in the spinal cord and brain stem preventing the release of glycine and gaba |
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the spinal cord and brain stem suppression causes |
abc |
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what is the embrologic disfunction in tetralogy of fallot |
deviation of the infundibular septum during embryologic development which results in a malaligned ventricular septal defect (vsd) with an overriding aorta. |
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what doese abnormal leftward looping of the primitive heart cause |
levo-transposition of the great arteries |
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what does anomalous pulmonary venous return causes |
left to right shunting of blood, no sx in older infants or children |
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what does aortic arch constriction cause? |
coarctation of the aorta |
