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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Precision
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Reproducibility of a measurement
random error |
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Accuracy
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Correctness of measurement
systematic error |
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Absolute Error
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|Measured value - True Value|
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Total Error
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Random Error + Systematic Error
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Relative standard deviation
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RSD = s/xbar
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Coefficient of Variation
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CV= RSD x 100%
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Standard deviation of the mean
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Sm=s/N^(1/2)
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Bias
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ub-ua
Measure of accuracy/systematic error |
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Confidence Level
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probability true value will be within specified range
u=+/- z*sigma |
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Student's t-Distribution
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t=x-u
(Gaussian as DoF->infinity) u=xbar+/- ts/N^(1/2) |
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Dixon's Q-test
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Q= |xq-xn|/w
xq=Questionable value xn=Value closest to xq w=Range of values REJECT IF Q>Qstat |
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Monte Carlo methods
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Q-distribution
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New method compared with accepted method
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x-u
x=new value u=accepted value COMPARE (x-u) WITH +/- ts/N^(1/2) |
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t-test
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Normal distribution
no establish absolute accuracy respect to reference difference between test and accepted methods is constant |
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Propagation of Errors, S
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Sz=(dz/dx)^2*Sx^2+(d/dy)^2*Sy^2... etc.
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Carbonate
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CO3(2-)
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Calcium sulfate dihydrite
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CaSO4*2H2O
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Iron(III) oxide
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Fe2O3
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Arsenic Sulfide
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As2S3
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Acetic acid
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CH3CO2(-1)
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Nitrite
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NO2(-1)
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Nitrate
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NO3(-1)
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Phosphate
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PO4(-3)
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(di)Hydrogen phosphate
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HPO4(-2)
H2PO4(-1) |
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Sulfite
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SO3(-2)
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Sulfate
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SO4(-2)
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Hypochlorite
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ClO(-1)
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Chlorite
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ClO2(-1)
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Chlorate
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ClO3(-1)
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Perchlorate
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ClO4(-1)
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(Di)Chromate
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CrO4(2-)
Cr2O7(2-) |
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Permanganate
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MnO4(-1)
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