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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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population
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individuals of a single species that simultaneously occupy the same general area
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density
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the number of individuals per unit area or volume
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dispersion
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the pattern of spacing among individuals within the geographical boundaries of the population
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mark-recapture method
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indirect method and indicator used to estimate population sizes
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clumped
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the most common patterns of dispersion with the individuals aggregated in patches
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grain
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relates to the spatial variation or environmental patchiness of individual organisms
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uniform
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evenly spaced pattern of dispersion resulting from direct interactions between individuals in the population
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random
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unpredictable and patternless dispersion occuring in the absence of strong attractions or repulsions among individuals of a population
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demography
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the study of the vital statistics that affect population size
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age structure
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the relative number of individuals of each age
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birthrate or fecundity
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the number of offspring produced during a certain amount of time and is the greatest for individuals of intermediate age
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death rate
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highest in the first year and in old age
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generation time
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the average span between the birth of individuals and the birth of their offspring
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sex ratio
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the proportion of individuals of each sex
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life tables
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approach to determine how long, on average, an individual of a given age could be expected to live
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cohort
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a group of individuals of the same age
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survivorship curve
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graphic way of representing some of the data in a life table
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life history
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made up by the traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and death
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semelparity
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type of history in which organisms invest most of their energy in growth and development, expend this energy in a single large reproductive effort, and then die
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iteroparity
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life history adaptation producing fewer offspring at a time over a span of many seasons
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zero population growth (ZPG)
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occurs when the per capita birthrates and death rates are equal and r equals 0
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intrinsic rate of increase
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maximum population growth rate
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exponential population growth
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population increase under intricsic rate of increase
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carrying capacity
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the maximum population size that a particular environment can support with no net increase or decrease over a relatively long period of time
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logistic population growth
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a model incorporating the effect of population density on r
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k-selected populaitons or equilibrial populations
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those that are likely to be living at a density near the limit imposed by their resources
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r-selected populations or opportunistic populations
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those that are likely to be found in variable environments in which populaiton densities fluctuate or in open habitats where individuals are likely to face little competition
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intraspecific competition
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the reliance of individuals of the same species on the same limited resources
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density-dependent factor
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one that intensifies as the population increase in size
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density-independent factorss
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unrelated to population size and affect the same percentage of individuals regardless of population density
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