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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Why is there macular sparing
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the blood supply to the most posterior part of the occipital cortex, where the macula is represented, is bilaterally redundant
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Ophtalmic artery occlusion effect?
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monocular blindness
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None
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strabismus with the affected eye primarly pointed down and outwards on primary gaze
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Posterior communicating artery aneurism-> CNIII palsy
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None
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Anterior Communicationg artery aneurism, visual defect?
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bitemporal hemianopsia
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gag reflex efferent/afferent
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efferent-> vagus; afferent-> glossopharyngeal
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Poliomyelitis
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picorna virus; fecal-oral; causes paralysis by infecting alpha motor neurons of anterior horn; malaise, headache, fever, nausea, abdominal pain and sore throat
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Platysma innervation
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facial n
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Prosopagnosia
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inability to recognize faces; usually by bilateral lesion of the visual association cortex
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Anosagnosia
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deficit in cognition about one's illness, or the lack of awareness that one is suffering from a certain condition; related to large lesions of the nondominant parietal lobe, which causes the patient to be confused and unaware of motor and sensory deficits
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dissociative disorder not otherwise specified
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Ganser syndrome, giving approximate answers instead of exact ones. Most common in prison inmates
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Herniation causing mydriasis, lossof the pupillary light reflex and unable to follow flashlight with eyes
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temporal lobe under the tentorium (uncal herniation)
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tonsillar herniation into foramen magnum Cx
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compress medulla-> respiratory failure and death
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Path of retinopathy of prematurity
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inappropriate proliferation of vessels in the inner layers of the retina
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Retinal damage due to glaucoma
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ganglion cell and optic nerve degeneration
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Pigmented epithelium degeneration causes?
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retinitis pigmentosa or senile macular degeneration
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None
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basilar membrane separates what?
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separates scala tympani from scala media
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None
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Encephalocele
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herniation of the brain through bony defect on the skull caused by defective closure of the cranial end of the neural tube
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complete failure of fusion of the neural plate associated with malformation of the vertebral arches such that the underdeveloped neural plate is covered only with skin
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spina bifida abierta; no mass lesion is present, and the patient typically has major neurologic deficits
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intercostal nerve trajectory
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anterior ramus-> intervertebral foramen between L and L+1->angle of rib-> lower border of the rib
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lateral column tracts
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contains corticospinal, rubrospinal, spinocerebellar, spinothalamic
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ventral column tracts
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anterior corticospinal, tectospinal, spinothalamic
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ventral horn tracts
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LMN
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well-circumscribed intracranial neoplasm attached to the dura
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Meningioma
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neuromuscular disorder with dilated cardiomyopathy
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Duchenne
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mixed parenchymal and subarachnoid hemorrhage, centered over one cerebral hemisphere
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AV malformation
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Why lidocaine might not work on an inflammatory abscess area
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low pH->lidocaine weak base-> protonation
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None
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organisms that can trigger Reiter's syndrome
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Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Campylobacter jejuni, Clamydia trachomatis
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None
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Leigh disease
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subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, mitochondial defect
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Adrenoleukodystrophy
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X-linked disease with abnormal lipid metabolism-> demyelination in the CNS
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central pontine myelinolysis
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demyelination of the pons (especially the basis pontis) seen after overlying rapid correction of hyponatremia
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Krabbe disease
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AR accumulation of cerebrosides in histiocytes in the CNS
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None
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Metachromatic leukodystrophy
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AR accumulation of sphingolipids in the CNS and elsewhere
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Tay-Sachs Cx
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normal at birth, but then begin to suffer from diminished responsiveness, deafness, blindness, loss of neurologic function, and seizures; cherry-red spot on the macula
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None
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Hexosaminidase A def
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Tay-Sachs
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Paget's progression
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initial osteoclast> osteoblast, then osteoblast
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smear shows only a few, large young platelets, while other cell lines are normal; marrow shows increased megakaryocytes
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ITP
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None
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overexpression bcl-2
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follicular lymphoma; it inhibits apoptosis; (14:18) translocation
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crew haircut bone lesions
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sickle cell, due to bone marrow expansion
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translocations in burkitt lymphoma
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(8;14), (8:22); (2;8)
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small cell lymphoma translocation
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14;18
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most common leukemia in 45 yo
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AML, CML
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FAB for marrow greater than 30% blasts, of which > 50% are erythroblasts
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M6
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FAB for marrow greater than 30% blasts, of which > 50% are blasts are myeloblasts and promyelocytes
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M2; myeloblastic
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FAB for marrow greater than 30% blasts, cells have promyelotic appereance with kidney-shaped nuclei and auer rods
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hypergranular promyelocytic leukemia; M3
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None
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genetic abnormality in RS cells
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somatic hypermutation
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Chlorambucil
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nitrogen mustard, primarily used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia and ovarian carcinoma; also hodgkin's and other lymphomas
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Cisplatin
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alkylating agent for metastatatic testicular and ovarian tumors in combination with other agents
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Decarbazine
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cytotoxic agent with alkylating properties, used for metastatic malignant melanoma, refractory Hodgkin's and various sarcomas
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None
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Vinblastine
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antimitotic for Hodgkin's and NHL, choriocarcinoma, lymphosarcoma and neuroblastoma
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Bence-Jones proteins
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kappa light chains, VkCk
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lymph drainage for lateral side of dorsum of the foot
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accompany short saphenous vein, drains into lymph nodes behind knee in the popliteal fossa
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most lymph drainage of the lower extremity
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to the long saphenous vein, with lymph drains into superficial group of the inguinal lymph nodes
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most common cause of drug-induced thrombocytopenia
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heparin
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causes of decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (3)
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sickle cell anemia, polycythemia, CHF
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analgesic for someone with PUD and Hx coronary disease
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acetaminophen
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use for piroxicam
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RA pain
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CD markers present in RS cells
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CD30 and CD15
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lymphoma with lacunar cells
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HL, nodular sclerosis
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