Qbank

Front 1

Opiod use

What two effects do you NOT develop tolerance for?

What do you do to compensate?

Back 1

Miosis and constipation

Give with fluids and laxatives

Front 2

Embryological malformation that causes Tetralogy of fallot, Truncus Arteriosus, and Transposition of great vessels

Back 2

Failure of Neural crest cells to migrate into truncal and bulbar ridges to separate the PA and aorta

Front 3

General type of problem caused by

defect in the endocardial cushion

Back 3

AV septum problems

Front 4

General type of problem caused by aortic arch constrcition

Back 4

coarctation of aorta, usually distal to ductus arteriosus

Front 5

General type of problem caused by abnormal primitive heart loop

Back 5

cardiac malformations

Front 6

what is the problem if you see
a. long bleeding time
b. prolonged PTT (w/normal PT)

Back 6

a. platelet dysfunction
b. FVIII, IX, XI, or XII

Front 7

Most common inherited bleeding disorder?

inheritance?

What happens?

Back 7

vWF disease

aut. dominant

cannot carry VIII (long PTT) or platelet adhesion messed up (long bleeding time)

Front 8

PT, PTT, bleeding tim effects of

a. Vitamin K deficiency
b. Dysfibrinogenemia
c. Hemophilia A

Back 8

a. PT up, PTT up, BT normal
b. PT up, PTT up, BT normal
c. PTT up, BT normal

Front 9

What is the deficiency in Hemophilia A

Back 9

x-linked deficiency in F VIII --> long PTT, no bleeding time prolongation

Front 10

What is factor XIII

what if deficient

Back 10

Transglutaminase that cross links fibrin polymers --> stabilizes clots

delayed bleeding

Front 11

What are D-dimers?

Back 11

degradation products of cross linked fibrin (see in DIC, other conditions)

Front 12

Cofactor for transketolase (PPP), a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase

Back 12

Thiamine

Front 13

Cheilosis, glossitis, keratitis, conjunctivitis, photophobia, lacrimation, marked corneal vascularization, seborrheic dermatitis

nutritional deficiency?

Back 13

B2 riboflavin

Front 14

How is folic acid deficiency manifest differently than B12 deficiency? Same?

Back 14

Same = megaloblastic anemia

Different = folic acid deficiency does not result in subacute combined degeneration of post. and lateral columns

Front 15

Anemia, peripheral neuropathy, and dermatitis

Deficiency?

Back 15

Pyridoxine (B6) (coenzyme for decarboxylation and transamination of aa's)

Front 16

Role of vit. E (tocopherol)

Back 16

scavenger of free radicals

Deficiency causes myelopathy or neurologic dysfunction

Front 17

Hartnup disease

What's wrong

Back 17

Defective intestinal and renal tubular absorption of Trp --> niacin (B3) deficiency

Front 18

Type of study in which you select patients with a disease and without and determine their previous exposure status

Back 18

case-control

Front 19

Survey study that measures exposure and outcome at once

Back 19

cross sectional

Front 20

Study in which a group of individuals is selected --> determine exposure status and follow over time

Back 20

prospective cohort study

Front 21

4 instances in which it is ok to disclose patient info w/o consent

Back 21

1. suspected abuse
2. gunshot or stabbing injuries
3. communicable disease
4. pt threatens to kill or harm someone else

Front 22

Most potent diuretics

Back 22

Loop

Front 23

Common side effects of what drug: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia

(Less common = vol depletion, hyponatremia, decreased GFR, hypotension, ototox)

Back 23

Loop duretics

Front 24

What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the proximal tubule of the kidney

Back 24

accelerates reaction for NaHCO3 reabsorption in prox tubule

Front 25

Negative selection of T cells
a. where
b. what does it involve
c. why

Back 25

a. thymic medulla
b. double positive T cell interacts with thymic dendritic cells and macrophages --> eliminate autoreactive ones
c. prevent autoimmunity

Front 26

B or T cell

isotype switch

Back 26

B cell,upon initial exposure to antigen

Front 27

Pos. selection of T cells
a. where
b. what

Back 27

a. thymic cortex
b. T cells interact with epithelial cells expressing self-MHC --> select only those that interact

Front 28

Syndrome with congenital loss of GnRH-secreting neurons --> low gonadotropins, low Testosterone

Back 28

Kallman's

Front 29

Patient has low LH, normal FSH, elevated Testosterone, and low sperm count

what is going on

Back 29

anabolic steroids w/androgenic properties

-high androgens suppress LH --> decrease Testosterone
-low sperm count becauselow local Testoserone in seminiferous tubules

Front 30

Patient has normal LH, high FSH, normal Testosterone, low sperm count

Back 30

cryptorchidism (or orchitis) --> amage to semineferous tubules

Front 31

4 things that exit the skull via foramen ovale

Back 31

Cn V3, lesser petrosal nerve, accessorymeningeal artery, emissary veins

Front 32

Where does CN V2 exit skull

Back 32

foramen rotundum

Front 33

What does the foramen spinosum contain (3)

Back 33

middle meningeal artery, middle meningeal vein, CN V3 (recurrent branch)

Front 34

Meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery, pterygoid canal artery and nerve

exit skull where

Back 34

foramen lacerum (usually occluded by cartilag

Front 35

Innervation of muscles of mastication, pterygoids, temporalis

where does it exit skull

Back 35

CN V3, foramen ovale

Front 36

During muscle contraction, what is responsible for activation muscle glycogen phosphorylase (to breakdown glycogen)?

Can this glycogen add to blood glucose levels?

Back 36

Ca

Cannot because muscles do not have G6Pase to convert G6P into glucose

Front 37

glucagon and epinepherine

where do they increase glycogen breakdown

Back 37

Both in liver, but in muscle only epi (along with Ca and AMP)

Front 38

Most common cause of night blindness

Back 38

retinitis pigmentosa

Front 39

Patient has night blindness + dry skin

deficiency

Back 39

vitamin A

Front 40

What to watch out for if person is a strict vegetarian

Back 40

cobalamin deficiency

Front 41

Patient is a transplant patient who has a rise in serum Cr of months, inactive urinary sediment, and has stopped post-op immunosuppression (transplant was years ago)

See obliterative intimal smooth muscle hypertorphy and fibrosis

dx?

Back 41

chronic rejection ofrom antibodies in vascular endothelium --> renal ischemia -> atrophy, fibrosis, loss of parenchyma

Front 42

How is chronic renal transplant rejection different from hyperacute rejection histologically?

Back 42

chronic = obliteraive smooth muscle hypertrophy, fibrosis --> shrunken parenchyma

hyperacute = vascular fibrinoid necrosis + PMN infiltration

Front 43

How is chronic renal transplant different from acute histologically

Back 43

chronic = smochronic = intimal smooth muscle hypertrophy and fibrosis

acute = dense interstitial cellular infiltrate (CD8 and CD4 cells)

Front 44

anti-GBM, ANCA-associated, or immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis all do what to glomeruli

Back 44

crescent glemoeruli

Front 45

How does emphysema differ from obstructive lung disease (asthma) as far as diffusing capacity of oxygen?

Back 45

emphysema = lower because of destruction of alveoli and capillaries

Obstructive - higher due to increased pulmonary blood volumes

Front 46

2 conditions that would cause low FEV1/FVC, dec. total lung volume, and dec. diffusing capacity

Back 46

CF, bronchiectasis

Front 47

2 causes of emphysema

Back 47

smoking
a-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Front 48

Auer rods

a. where do you find them
b. what do they indicate
c. how do they stain

Back 48

a. myeloblasts
b. myeloid differentiation
c. peroxidase

Front 49

Major basic protein

a. where
b. role

Back 49

a. eosinophil granules
b. helps defend against parasites