Q2 Ntmd Part Ii: Weeks 7-11

Front 1

What brings about abnormalities called disease?

Back 1

Vital force is out of tune.

Front 2

Individualization:

Back 2

even though Patients may have same disease, they may need different remedies. No disease is exactly the same.

Front 3

characteristic symptoms?

Back 3

Homeopathic remedies: pay special attention to strange/unusual symptoms. General symptoms (headache, weakness, etc) are found in almost every disease and every medicine.

Front 4

What is the totality of symptoms?

Back 4

Sum of symptoms gives a picture of the personality of the disease. Untuned vital force.

Front 5

How does Hahneman define health?

Back 5

Maintaining order.

Front 6

What is the function of the vital force?

Back 6

Maintain harmony in the organism; to keep order

Front 7

What is the cause of disease?

Back 7

Stressors cause an untunment of vital force. Infectious disease is invisible.

Front 8

What is the relationship between the totality of symptoms and the vital force?

Back 8

The specific personality of disease is expressed by the specific untunement of the vital force. It is these unique symptoms that shed light upon the specific personality disease as it has presented within the individual.

Front 9

What does aphorism 31 say?

Back 9

Disease agents do not alone untune us.
Environmental stressors can untune vital force, if person is susceptible.
These disease agents do not make everybody sick each time.

Front 10

Rene dubos

Back 10

Pathological changes due to biologic forces (not clearly understood).
Sometimes symptoms/signs do not show up when pathogens are present.
“Why do pathogens NOT cause disease after they are established in tissues?” This is rarely addressed in experimental analysis

Front 11

Kent

Back 11

Some have unusually “strong” immune systems and do not get sick.…Or are they in another stage of disease (chronic) and do not get sick (acute)?
“How are you going to explain this?”

Front 12

Burnett

Back 12

Cured one small nose tumor. Cured one small ovarian tumor in two years. Other patients did not want to wait that long. They died. “Cutting off the apple does not cure an apple tree of growing apples.”

Front 13

Andre Saine

Back 13

Insane people, don’t get sick (and then they take over the village…)☺!
When treating the insane, they regain their old susceptibility.

Front 14

What did hahnemann mean by disease agents?

Back 14

Environmental toxins
Anything that untunes the vital force
Infectious disease (syphilis & gonorrhea during his time)

Front 15

Why don't disease agents cause disease in all people?

Back 15

Unique untunement of defensive mechanism
Susceptibility

Front 16

What is autoimmune disease?

Back 16

Attack an organ or a system
Person w/ 1 autoimmune disease more likely to get another autoimmune disease.

Front 17

What are 2 main factors that contribute to autoimmune disease?

Back 17

Genetics
Environment
Substrate deficiency, sunlight, infections, toxicities, diet, emotional, trauma
Disease = Nature + Nurture
= Susceptibility + Stressor
= Genetics + Environment

Front 18

Samuel Thompson and the Thomsonians

Back 18

- Practitioners called Botanics, herbalists trace their roots from here.
- Strong held belief in lay knowledge
- Opposed to formal education
- Utilized herbs exclusively: primary materia medica 4-5 dozen plants
- Laxatives, depuratives, stimulants primary remedies
- Illness comes from coldness, coldness derived from minerals, warmth is curative and comes from the green that reaches toward the sun
- Herbs used to provoke response in body to eradicate

Front 19

Wooster Beach and the Eclectics

Back 19

- Willing to incorporate remedy from all philosophical medical forums of the day,
- “whatever works” could be included in the materia medica
- Borrowed from the Regulars,homeopaths, thomsonians,etc.

Front 20

John Uri Lloyd and the Irregulars

Back 20

- Finite examination of and ultimately isolation from, of resinoids from pharmaceutical processing of crude drugs
- Materia medica grows to over 1000
- Herbs used with specific action heightened
Later
- Specific action for specific person – Scudder

Front 21

regulars

Back 21

- Agrimony, bloodletting, leaches, and the knife become tools of the trade
- Materia medica diminishes, herbs lose relevance as petro-drugs become available
- Heroic medicine seeks to destroy illness
- AMA roots

Front 22

Benedict Lust and the Naturopathics

Back 22

- Wide breadth of disciplines incorporated to make a holistic healing approach
- Belief in dietary, lifestyle, water therapeutics, sunshine, exercise, and botanicals as all parts of way to wellness
- Herbs used as nourishment, strengtheners
- Materia medica sought from local, vibrant, plant specimens

Front 23

Physiomedicalists

Back 23

- Focused on belief that vital source of life could be renewed, activated, enhanced and encouraged to bring life force into power into the human body and therefore enhance well-being
- Live , sentient plant spirit and substance act as carriers of this potential that speaks to diminished vitality in human and raises, rises, and resurrects life shine
- When used in special pair formulations, the accurate actions of herbs needed could be tapped into.
- Materia medica seen as allies.
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Front 24

50,oooBC - Neanderthal

Back 24

Neanderthal man buried with Marshmallow, Yarrow, Ephedra, and groundsel. (Iraq).

Front 25

2700BC - Emperor Shen Nung

Back 25

Emperor Shen Nung invents the plow. His work is incorporated into the Pun tsao Ching. (40 volumes published in the 17th century as a Chinese pharmacopeia.)

Front 26

3. 1500BC - Papyrus

Back 26

Papyrus Ebers - Egyptian collection of 800 prescriptions & 700 plant drugs.With the development of a written language, MATERIA MEDICA becomes vehicle of passing information about the medicinal use of herbs.

Front 27

4. 400 BC - Theophrastus

Back 27

Theophrastus - "Father of Botany" - student of Aristotle who first attempts to organize and classify plants. His "Enquiry into Plants" lists 500 plants.

Front 28

5. 456-377BC - Hippocrates

Back 28

Hippocrates - Created four humours (fluids, juices, or vapors) medicine. A balance of which leads to eukrasia (Greek), what we today call homeostasis. His work was not theoretical but primarily based on his experience and clinical observation.The humoral type of analysis generated a corresponding system of therapeutics based upon the perceived energetics of the herbs.

Front 29

6. 150AD - Galen -

Back 29

Galen - Greek physician - meticulously systemetized Hippocrates' therapeutics: FIRST system of classification of Western Herbal Materia Medica, therefore seen as the founder of scientific herbalism. His work was dogmatic and theoretical.
- marks the beginning of a clear division between the professional physician and the traditional healer.

Front 30

7. 200AD - Pliny

Back 30

Pliny writes Historia Naturalis
- Dioscorides writes "Materia Meidica" and refutes the humoral theory.These works were written and illustrated BY HAND; influence botanical studies for a long time to come. Galenic medical systems had influence for 1400 years!

Front 31

8. 400AD - Fabiola

Back 31

Fabiola - wealthy Christian woman documented as establishing a hospital.

Front 32

9. 1098-1179AD - Hildegard von Bingen

Back 32

Hildegard von Bingen - mystic with a multi-dimensional healing approach including body, mind, emotions, and spirit. She describes the cause of cancer in her work! used a materia medica of 485 plants!

Front 33

10. 400-1400AD - Galenic medical systems

Back 33

Galenic medical systems still influential, but moves to Far East. Unani, Ayurveda, and Chinese systems still use humoral analysis today. Roman Empire collapses, The Dark Ages: little allowance for dissent in medical practice. European monasteries and folk healers preserve knowledge.

Front 34

11. 1400-1500AD - The burning times.

Back 34

Thousands of women tortured and burned at the stake for possessing the power to heal and using plant medicine. (Author's note: A historical wound rarely discussed.)

Front 35

12. 1500AD -

Back 35

The advent of the printing press.

Front 36

13. 1493-1541AD - Paracelsus

Back 36

Paracelsus - Swiss-German, anti-Galen alchemist, father of pharmacy & modern chemistry
1. -Gaia hypothesis
2. -The doctrine of signatures
3. -developed laudanumParacelsus matched herbs to conditions based on chemistry and action of botanicals and observed manifestations of the

Front 37

14. 1500-1700AD -

Back 37

The Age of Herbals

Front 38

15. 1518- a

Back 38

a physicians college created.

Front 39

16. 1574

Back 39

mercury vs. sarsaparilla for syphilis study.

Front 40

Jacoba Felicie;

Back 40

14th century Frenchwoman. She was accused of "healing where other physicians had failed"! Her life was spared in court because prosecutors’ wives threatened suicide.

Front 41

17. 1545 - 1607AD - Gerard's Herbal

Back 41

Gerard's Herbal - English surgeon with a garden of over 1000 plants.

Front 42

18. 1616- 1654AD- Culpepper

Back 42

Culpepper writes his lay herbal with astrological rationalizations and doctrine of signature validations. Misfortune laid his path.

Front 43

19. 1650 -

Back 43

Medicine is the domain of the church or state. (Witches and warlocks attempt to rediscover pagan religious customs and healing with herbs)

Front 44

20. 1700 - Ojibwa Indians

Back 44

Ojibwa Indians of North America make listing of 150 Native American medicines and teach invaders their medicine.

Front 45

21. 1750- Carolus Linnaeus

Back 45

EXTRAORDINARY contribution: Binomial system of nomenclature.

Front 46

22. 1769-1843 - Samuel Thompson

Back 46

Samuel Thompson & Thompsonian medicine. anti-intellectual farmer (learned from the widow Benton), created the first correspondence herbal course, patented his herbal system, first multi-level herb company, first medical licensure which sets a precedence for quackery laws. Professional American herbalists trace their roots to him.

Front 47

23. 1790 - Albert Isaiah Coffin

Back 47

- Albert Isaiah Coffin: brought Thompsonianism to Europe. Founds Physiomedicalism with Alva Curtis. Touts botanical medicine as an exclusive therapeutic; students and servants to NATURE and Vitalism.

Front 48

What is "Physiomedicalism"?

Back 48

is medications in harmony with true physiology, recognizing in all conditions the indications of the vital force and hence abstaining from all poisonous medicines."

Front 49

24. 1799 - George Washington

Back 49

George Washington killed by his physicians. Blood letting, purgation,heavy metals.

Front 50

25. 1805 - 1875 - Harriot Hunt

Back 50

Harriot Hunt - extremely successful practice in Boston practicing Thompsonian herbalism.

Front 51

26. 1820 -

Back 51

First U.S. Pharmacopoeia.

Front 52

27. 1830's- Women's

Back 52

Women's popular health movement - attention to hygiene, nutrition & prevention is awakened.

Front 53

28. 1844 -

Back 53

American Institute of Homeopathy established.

Front 54

29. 1847- American Medical Association

Back 54

American Medical Association established. The group( the "normals") (as opposed to the "reformed") soon becomes underwritten by the pharmaceutical companies and the "vast expanding pharmaceutical industry of the U.S. turned its back on the plant world and looked to synthetic chemicals as its future." (Griggs)

Front 55

30. 1850 - Wooster Beech

Back 55

Wooster Beech - an herbal (and therefore "reformed") physician who begins Eclectic medicine. The Eclectics were willing to try whatever system or method worked; willing to learn and apply whatever knowledge was available to their patients. Naturopathic physicians trace their roots to him.

Front 56

31. 1860- Shakers

Back 56

Shakers of America - influenced by Samuel Thompson, grows in proportion to the eclectic popularity, have thriving medicinal herb industry of nearly 250 plant varieties.

Front 57

32. 1864 - National Institute of Medical Herbalists

Back 57

National Institute of Medical Herbalists established in England. (Physiomedicalists) evolved from Thompsonianism, was a blend of Indian herbal practice and the European settler tradition. Vitalism and the enhancement of vitality (the vital force) was paramount in its academic philosophy.

Front 58

33. 1867 -

Back 58

International Code of Botanical binomial nomenclature adopted.

Front 59

34. 1869 - John Milton Scudder

Back 59

John Milton Scudder - resurrects Eclectic Medicine after the Civil War. Uses high quality single herbs. Writes Specific Medicines & Specific Diagnosis.

Front 60

Specific medicine:

Back 60

The therapeutic activity of botanicals was attributed to the constituent complex as represented in a fresh or green state. Each particular problem in the human organism manifests itself in specific and discernible ways and that each such condition has a specific remedy. A SYSTEM OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS DEVELOPS.

Front 61

35. 1876 - Lydia Pinkham

Back 61

1st self-made female American millionaire. Earned her fortune from Lydia Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, (an herbal formula altered from King's Dispensatory. See Felter)

Front 62

36. 1875-1895 The Golden Era

Back 62

The Golden Era of Eclectic Medical practice. 10,000 physicians practicing.

Front 63

37. 1886 - Father Sebastian Kneipp

Back 63

Father Sebastian Kneipp. European who writes My Water Cure. philosophy: healing comes from within1921;nature cures.

Front 64

-Henry Lindlahr -

Back 64

. Kneipp cures Lindlahr of diabetes . Lindlahr writes Nature Cure.

Front 65

38. 1902 - Benedict Lust

Back 65

Benedict Lust coins the word Naturopathy (healing comes from the Vital force) and with Louisa Lust opens the American school of Naturopathy. (Kneipp cures Lust of tuberculosis before he heads to America ).

Front 66

Elizabeth Blackwell

Back 66

- 1st woman in America to be a licensed physician.

Front 67

39. 1910 - Carnegie Endowment for Advancement of Teaching.

Back 67

- -Flexnor report
- -Rockefellers general education board ($600,000,000)
- -Philanthropy with a mission:
1. To eliminate all effective forms of alternative medicine
2. Promoted a monopoly medicine which was heavily drug-oriented.

Front 68

AMA,

Back 68

on-purpose kind of division at the expense of other medical systems.

Front 69

40. 1910- John King,pharmacist

Back 69

John King,pharmacist working with Scudder producing resinoids and alkaloidal concentrates like Podophyllin

Front 70

41. 1911 - Harvey Wickes Felter

Back 70

co-author with John Uri Lloyds of King's American Dispensatory.

Front 71

42. 1912 - John Uri Lloyd

Back 71

botanical pharmacist, founder of Lloyd Brothers pharmaceutical company, namesake for famous botanical library in Cincinnati. Inventor: Lloyd extractor- extracted and concentrated, through distillation botanicals without heat: a cold still.

Front 72

43. 1915- Eli Jones

Back 72

student of Wooster Beech. studied eclecticism, physiomedicalism, homeopathy, and biochemical systems. expanded Scudder's system and wrote Definite Medications.

Front 73

44. 1920 - Due to the effect of Flexnor's report

Back 73

Due to the effect of Flexnor's report and internal conflicts: Only one Eclectic school left surviving.

Front 74

45. 1921 - Finley Ellingwood

Back 74

Finley Ellingwood - authored American Materia Medica, Ellingwood's Therapeutist.

Front 75

46. 1930's - Advent of modern chemistry

Back 75

Advent of modern chemistry, petroleum industry. Rockefeller's $$$ infiltrates Age of Modern Medicine in America.
- -Plants now screened for biological activity; then actives isolated to patent.

Front 76

47. 1939 -

Back 76

The last Eclectic school closes its doors.

Front 77

48. 1945 - Dr. John Raymond Christopher

Back 77

Dr. John Raymond Christopher - American herbalist crusading U.S. (1909-1983)
- -beginnings of revival of herbalism, health food stores, natural living.

Front 78

49. 1956 - John Bastyr,

Back 78

John Bastyr, founder National College of Naturopathic Medicine. 1956-1973 only 29 degrees awarded.

Front 79

50. 1960 - German doctor Rudolf Weiss

Back 79

German doctor Rudolf Weiss writes "Herbal Medicine", "Scudder of the 21st century".

Front 80

51. 1964 -

Back 80

last meeting of the Eclectic physicians @ the New York World' fair.

Front 81

52. 1977 - 3oth assembly of World Health Organization

Back 81

3oth assembly of World Health Organization, urging governments to attend to traditional medicine. Rob McCaleb, president of Herb research foundation, speaks on America's behalf.

Front 82

53. 1979 - Michael Moore

Back 82

Michael Moore writes Medicinal Plants of the Mountain West and emerges as the quintessential teacher of medicine plants of the American West.

Front 83

54. 1989 - Michael Tierra

Back 83

Michael Tierra - key contributor of contemporary american herbalism revival.
- -Founder of the American Herbalist Guild.

Front 84

55. 1989 - Susun Weed -

Back 84

Susun Weed - self-proclaimed green witch, friend of the fairies and a SIMPLER, revives the Wise Woman tradition of healing and herbal medicine.

Front 85

56. 1990 - James Green

Back 85

James Green - heads California School of Herbal studies longstanding educational center

Front 86

57. 1994 - Rosemary Gladstar

Back 86

- Rosemary Gladstar - founder of United Plant Savers
- -Plant use incorporated commercially to levels that require conservation efforts.

Front 87

58. 1995 - Dr. James Duke

Back 87

Dr. James Duke retires from 30 years with USDA as medical herbalist.

Front 88

59. 1999 - Donald Yance -

Back 88

Donald Yance - Contemporary follower of Eli Jones, a lay Franciscan, authors Herbal Medicine, Healing , and Cancer.

Front 89

2000- Formal education for clinical, practicing, and traditional herbalists

Back 89

Formal education for clinical, practicing, and traditional herbalists and botanical medicine expertise is being renewed throughout the United States and the world. U.S. law primarily only recognizes physicians who have graduated from schools sanctioned by the AMA

Front 90

60. 2001 - Paul Bergner

Back 90

Paul Bergner - American herbalist practicing vitalism, patterning after the physiomedicalist's of the early 1900's.

Front 91

61. 2004 - Dr. Francis Brinker,N.D.

Back 91

Dr. Francis Brinker,N.D. publishes Complex herbs, complete Medicines and merges eclectic and naturopathic visions of botanical medicines.

Front 92

what are considerations for using herbs

Back 92

• Assess vitality: deficient vs. excess
• Assess constitution/pattern/dosha imbalance, eg: hot v. cold, dry v. damp
• Individualize treatment: choose most specific herbs
• Treat whole person: Address imbalance + whole system, not just symptoms
• Treat the cause
• Find and tx the center of the disturbance
• Use local when possible
• Consider appropriate delivery method, e.g. avoid
• Use low-doses, and only when necessary

Front 93

How Botanical Medicine fits into Naturopathic Medicine Naturopathic Principles?

Back 93

1. Healing Power of Nature (Vis Medicatrix Naturae) - yes
2. Identify and Treat the Causes (Tolle Causam), e.g. if someone has diabetes, maybe you can help them
3. First Do No Harm (Primum Non Nocere), e.g. sometimes you can harm someone with too much herbs
4. Doctor as Teacher (Docere), e.g. hawthorne is teacher to open heart/healthy heart boundaries
5. Treat the Whole Person (Tolle Totum), e.g.
6. Prevention, e.g. you can take mushrooms to prevent disease

Front 94

define green allopathy?

Back 94

when you match a condition to an herb. Herbs better than drugs, less side effects. But you aren’t using herbs in their highest light.

Front 95

Vis Medicatrix Naturae

Back 95

The Healing Power of Nature is the inherent self-organizing & healing process of living systems which establishes, maintains and restores health. Naturopathic medicine recognizes this healing process to be ordered and intelligent. It is the Naturopathic physician’s role to support, facilitate & augment this process by identifying & removing obstacles to health & recovery, and by supporting the creation of a healthy internal & external environment.

Front 96

herbalism definitions?

Back 96

(aka phytotherapy, plant medicine, herbalism, herbology)

• A traditional medicinal or folk medicine practice based on the use of plants and plant extracts. Herbalism is also known as botanical medicine, medical herbalism, herbal medicine, herbology, and phytotherapy? Wikipedia AKA: herbal medicine,

• Using a plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes? University of Maryland Medical Center

• Use of plant or plant-derived preparations to prevent or treat various health conditions and ailments. www.about.com

• Art or practice of using herbs and herbal preparations to maintain health and to prevent, alleviate, or cure disease. Merriam-Webster

• System of medicine or health-care that relies on plants as the source of remedies. The Dictionary of Modern Herbalism by Simon Mills

Front 97

herb

Back 97

A plant whose stem does not produce woody, persistent tissue and generally dies back at the end of each growing season. Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary Botanists view herbs as non-woody plants

Front 98

three classes that are considered botanical medicines but not herbs

Back 98

These are considered botanical medicine but not herbs:
1. Medicinal Trees, e. g. Blk Walnut: Kills worms
2. Medicinal Mushrooms, e.g. Maitake
3. Lichen, e.g. Usnea spp: great antimicrobial

Front 99

characteristics of botanical medicine (compared to herbs)

Back 99

Source--plant material
Material dose
Single herbs or complex formulas
Less potent as more diluted
More potential safety concerns
Vitalistic—stimulates the “Vis”
Tx both acute and chronic conditions
Ritual/self-care

Front 100

characteristics of Homeopathy (compared to botanical medicines)

Back 100

Source—animal, plant, mineral
Diluted
“like cures like” –
Single remedies - classical
More potent as more diluted
Very safe
Vitalistic—stimulates the “Vis”
Tx both acute and chronic conditions
Neutral smell/taste/texture

Front 101

advantages of botanical medicine

Back 101

 It stimulates body to heal itself – stimulates the vis
 Good safety profile
 Individualization—formulate for the patient
 Choose delivery system—tea, tincture, powder, etc.
 Many good tasting herbs: Chamomile, Licorice, Cinnamon
 Vitalistic Therapy
 Ritual/self-involvement in healing: Growing medicinal herbs, Making tea

Front 102

disadvantages of botanical medicines

Back 102

 Dangers of “low-dose” herbs, e.g. belladonna, Jamaican dogwood, Gelsemium
 Nasty-tasting, e.g. Goldenseal, Kava kava, Gentian
 Limited shelf life: Teas: 1-2 days, glycerites: 6 months
 High Cost
 Potential drug interactions w/herbs, e.g. St. Johns Wort

Front 103

Environmental Impact of Using Herbal Medicines:

Back 103

• Costly to import vs. taking US-based, e.g. Kava Kava from Vanuatu
• Over-harvesting potentially threatened herbs, e.g. ginseng
• Some harvesting techniques cause damage, e.g. cutting bark of slippery elm
• Are we under-utilizing local herbs? Chapparal, Yerba mansa, Algeria

Front 104

Why Take Herbs?

Back 104

• Change perspective/open your mind, e.g. Cannabis
• Connect spiritually, e.g. Gotu Kola, Holy Basil
• Enhance detoxification, e.g. Dandelion, Burdock, Red clover
• Strengthen/enhance vitality, e.g. Milky Oat Seed (restorative to NS), Hawthorn berry (restorative to CV system), e.g. opens up your heart.
• Tonify tissue, e.g. Yarrow
• Improve circulation, e.g. Cayenne
• Enhance sweating, e.g. Elder flowers, Mint, Ginger
• Modulate inflammation, e.g. Turmeric
• Improve digestion/bitters, e.g. Gentian, Chamomile
• Nutritive, e.g. Stinging Nettles (very nutritive), Red Clover, Horsetail
• Decrease pain: e.g. Opium Poppy, Yellow Jessamine, Jamaican dogwood
• Treat infection, e.g. Echinacea, Goldenseal, Old Man’s Beard
• Balance hormones, e.g. Black cohosh, Vitex, Etc

Front 105

How primitive humans discovered use of herbs as medicine: theories:

Back 105

• Random sampling of herbs: see what happens when you try them
• Primitive sensibilities: humans shy away from bitter tastes…
• Doctrine of signatures: look at shape or color, e.g. walnut shape helps brain
• Shamanistic practices: dream-work, intuition, rituals, prayers, etc.