Pyschology Of Music Final

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mirror neurons

Back 1

-these cells fire in response to the
“reflection” of another person.
-help us to feel empathy and compassion for others
-links improper function of these tiny cells to a mild
form of autism known as Asperger’s syndrome

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mirror neurons brain

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-The premotor cortex is center of
activity for actions.

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positive psychology

Back 3

Positive psychology is the study of human thriving.
-Positive psychology, examines how ordinary people can become happier and more fulfilled through
GEWRT
G-genuwiness
E- Empathy
W-Warmth
R- Rapport
T- Trust

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stress and illness

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-75% of all diseases are caused by stress
-the strongest evidence that stress contributes to disease comes from research on depression, which shows that stress is associated with the onset of depression as well as relapse in people who have recovered from it
-chronic stress contributes to cardiovascular illnesses such as coronary heart disease, heart attack, hypertension, and heat failure

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Herbert Benson’s contributions to mind-body medicine

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-coined the phrase after studying people who practiced Transcendental Meditation
-Bensen took the principles of TM and removed them from their Eastern religious context in order to make them more accessible for westerners.

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The Relaxation Response

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1. Sit comfortably with your eyes closed.
2. Pay attention to your breathing, and repeat a word or phrase or prayer silently to yourself as you exhale.
3. When you notice your mind wandering (It will) just notice it and passively bring your attention back to your breathing.
4. Practice for approximately 20 minutes every day (or at least 3-4 times per week). Don't set an alarm, but sit with a clock in view if necessary.

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Effects of Relaxation Response

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•increased awareness of whether you are tense or relaxed.
-be more "in touch with your body."
•You will be better able to relax when you become stressed-out.
•You may even reduce the resting level of your autonomic nervous system
•Your concentration may improve.

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Evolution of mind-body medicine
1.Oliver Wendell Holmes- disease recovery 1840s

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not interfering with the body’s natural healing process. The physician’s role in the “mode expectante” is to do everything possible to aid nature in the healing process of disease recovery, and to do nothing to interfere with it.

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Evolution of mind-body medicine
2.Williams James emotion and ANS

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-emotions are a sequence of events that start with the occurrence of an arousing stimulus {the sympathetic nervous system or the parasympathetic nervous system}; and ends with a passionate feeling, a conscious emotional experience.
- A major goal of emotion research is still to figure out what processes come between the stimulus and the feeling

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Evolution of mind-body medicine
Walter Bradfor Cannon- Voodoo death- In 1942

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fear could affect a person to the point that their physical condition would deteriorate in response to psychological distress.

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Evolution of mind-body medicine
3.A Clifford Barger- hypertension and CHD- 1984

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A Clifford Barger- hypertension and CHD- 1984

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Evolution of mind-body medicine
Herbert Benson- Mind Body Medicine

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TM has been shown to help people reduce the activity of their autonomic nervous systems.

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The Break Out Principle

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-Struggle/stress
-Release (nitric oxide to counter norepinephrine)
Breakout.
-Peak Experience
-New State- Improved Mind Body

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Neuro Matrix

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-there is an extensive network connecting the thalamus, cortex, and the limbic system
-conscious awareness and the perception of self are generated in the brain via patterns of input that can be modified by different perceptual inputs

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Nuero Matrix layout

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Sensory-discriminative
Affective-Motivational
Evaluative-Cognitive

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Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System (SANS)

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-flight or fight
-hypervigilence
increased heart rate
increased respiration
increased blood flow to muscles
decreased blood flow t digestion system
-Adrelialine rush

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Parasympathetic Autonomic Nervous System (PANS)

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-rest and recuperation
-laid back
- decreased heart rate
-decreased respiration
decreased flow to muscles
increased flow to digestion
coach potato bliss

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Neurochemicals involved in mood change and stress management

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-Dopamine =is responsible for motivation, interest, and drive. It is associated with positive stress states such as being in love, exercising, listening to music, and sex .
-Nitric oxide
-Norepinephrine
-GABA =It helps the neurons recover after transmission, reduces anxiety and stress.It regulates norepinephrine, adrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin, it is a significant mood modulator.
-Serotonin-It is popularly thought to be a contributor to feelings of well-being and happiness

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genetic and neuroanatomical features of Williams Syndrome

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- caused by missing elastic genes.
- 50% chance of passing the disorder on to each of his or her children.
-The cause usually occurs randomly.
-1 in 8,000 births.
-One of the 25 missing genes is the gene that produces elastin, a protein that allows blood vessels and other tissues in the body to stretch.
- narrowing of blood vessels seen in this condition.

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musical abilities typical of someone with Williams Syndrome.

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advanced repertoire
-singing in a number of languages
-enhanced musical imitation skills
-perfect pitch or perfect pitch like musical memory
-extreme sensitivity pitch and harmony

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cognitive deficits typical of someone with Williams Syndrome

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Delayed speech that may later turn into strong speaking ability and strong learning by hearing
Easily distracted, attention deficit disorder (ADD)
Mild to moderate mental retardation