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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
applied research
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research designed to solve specific, practical problems
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artificial intelligence
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computer models of human thought and reasoning
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basic research
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research designed obtain knowledge purely for its own sake
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behavior genetics
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the study of how behavioral tendencies are influenced by genetic factors
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behavioral neuroscience
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the study of brain processes and other physiological functions that underlie our behavior, sensory experiences, emotions, and thoughts
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behavioral perspective
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studies the role of the external enviroment in governing our actions
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behaviorism
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a school of thought that emphasizes enviromental control of behavior through learning
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biological perspective
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examines how brain processes and other bodily functions regulate behavior
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British Empiricism
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says that all ideas and knowledge are gained empirically, that is through the senses
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cognitive behaviorism
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purposes that learning experiences influence our thoughts and expectations, which in turn guide how we behave
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cognitive neuroscience
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uses sophisticated electrical recording and brain-imaging techniques to examine brain activity as people engage in mental tasks
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cognitive perspective
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examines how we perceive, organize, and store information in our minds and how mental processes influence behavior
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collectivism
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individual goals are subordinated to those of the group and personal identity is defined largely by the ties that bind one to the extended family and other social groups
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cultural psychology
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explores how culture is transmitted to its members and examines pyschological similarities and differences that occur between people from diverse cultures
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culture
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the enduring values, beliefs, behaviors, and traditions that are shared by a large group of people and passed from one generation to the next
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defense mechanisms
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psychological techniques that help us cope with anxiety and the pain of traumatic experiences
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evolutionary pyschology
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the discipline that seeks to explain how evolution shaped modern human behavior
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functionalism
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said that pyschology should study the functions of consciousness rather than its structure
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Gestalt psychology
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is derived from the word meaning "whole", concerned with how elements of experience are organized into wholes
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humanism
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talks about the idea of free will, innate tendencies toward growth, and the attempt to find ultimate meaning in one's existence
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individualism
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an emphasis on personal goals and self-identity based primarily on one's own attributes and achievements
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interaction
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means that the way in which one factor influences behavior depends on the presence of another factor
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mind-body dualism
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belief that the mind is a spiritual entity not subject to physical laws that govern the body
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monism
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holds that mind and body are one and that the mind is not a seperate spiritual entity
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natural selection
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if an inherited trait gives certain members an advantage over others, these members will be more likely to survive and pass these characteristics on to their offspring
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neurotransmitters
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chemicals released by nerve cells that allow them to communicate with one another
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norms
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rules that specify what behavior is acceptable and expected for members of that group
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positive psychology movement
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emphasizes the study of human strengths, fulfillment, and optimal living
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pyschoanalysis
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the analysis of internal and primarily unconscious pyschological forces
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pyschodynamic perspective
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searches for the causes of behavior within the inner workings of our personality, emphasizing the role of unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts from the past
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pyschology
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scientific study of behavior and the mind
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social constructivism
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maintains that what we consider "reality" is largely our own mental creation
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socialization
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process by which culture is transmitted to new members and internalized by them
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sociocultural perspective
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examines how the social environment and cultural learning influence our behavior, thoughts, and feelings
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structuralism
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analysis of the mind in terms of its basic elements
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