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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Interview
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Face-to-face meeting designed to gain information about someone’s personality, current psychological state, or personal history
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Unstructured interview
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Conversation is informal, and topics are discussed as they arise
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Structured Interview
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Follows a prearranged plan, using a series of planned questions
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Halo Effect
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Tendency to generalize a favourable or unfavourable first impression to unrelated details of personality (make a good first impression)
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Situational testing
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Simulating real-life conditions so that a person’s reaction may be directly observed.
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Inbasket test
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A testing procedure that simulates the individual decision-making challenges that executive face.
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leaderless group discussion
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A test of leadership that simulates group decision making and problem solving.
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peronality test
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A paper-and- pencil test consisting of questions that reveal aspects of personality.
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Objective test
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A test that gives the same score when different people correct it.
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validity
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Does the test measure what it claims to measure?
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Minnesota Multipahsic Personlaity inventory 2
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Widely used objective personality questionnaire
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MMPI-2 profile
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A graphic representation of an individual’s scores on each of the primary scales of the MMPI-2.
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Validity scale
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Scales that tell whether test scores should be invalidated for lying, inconsistency, or “faking good.”
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honesty test
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A paper-and-pencil test designed to detect attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour patterns that predispose a person to dishonest behaviour.
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motivation
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Dynamics of behaviour that initiate, sustain, direct, and terminate actions
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need
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Internal deficiency that may energize behaviour
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drive
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energized motivation state; exmaple: hunger
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response
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actions to attain the goal
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goal
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target of the motivated behaviour
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Incentive value
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Goal’s appeal beyond its ability to fill a need
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Primary motive
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Innate (inborn) motives based on biological needs that must be met for survival
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stimulus motive
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Innate needs for stimulation and information
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secondary motive
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Based on learned needs, drives, and goals
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hypothalamus
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Brain structure; regulates many aspects of motivation and emotion, including hunger, thirst, and sexual behaviour
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feeding system
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Area in the hypothalamus that, when stimulated, initiates eating
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sateiety system
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Area in the hypothalamus that terminates eating
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neuropeptide Y
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A substance in the brain that initiates eating
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glucagon like peptide
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A substance in the brain that terminates eating.
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set point
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The proportion of the body fat that tends to be maintained by changes in hunger and eating
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leptin
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Substance released by fat cells that inhibits eating; presently being studied for possible importance in controlling and losing weight
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external eating cues
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External stimuli that tend to encourage hunger or elicit eating; these cues may cause you to eat even if you are stuffed
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anorexia nervosa
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bodt weight is 85% lower than normal for ones age and height
refusal to maintain weight within normal range intense fear of eating despit being underweight disturnacde in body image thoughts denial of seriouness of being underwight absence of menstural cycle purging behaviour |
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bulimia
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-normal or above normal weight
-use of laxatives or vomiting -absense oc menstural cycle -reccuing binge eating -eating in really large amounts for a limited time -execcive exercise to prevnt weight gain self evaluaiton duly infleunced by weight feel lack of control in eating |
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yo yo dieting
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-repeatdely gaining and losing weight
-slows down bodys metalbolism which makes body more efecient in conserving calories and storing them as fat -may rise the bodys set pointfor fat |
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non homeostatic drive
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A drive that is relatively independent of physical deprivation cycles or bodily need states
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estrus
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Changes in animals that create a desire for sex; females in heat
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sexual script
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An unspoken mental plan that defines a “plot” dialogue, and actions expected to take place in a sexual encounter
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desire disorder
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The person has little or no sexual motivation or desire.
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arousal disorder
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The person desires sexual activity but does not become sexually aroused.
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orgasm disorder
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The person does not have orgasms or experiences orgasms too soon or too late
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sexual pain dosorder
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The person experiences pain that makes lovemaking uncomfortable or impossible.
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arousal theory
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Assumes that people prefer to maintain ideal, or comfortable, levels of arousal.
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arousal
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The overall level of activation in the body and nervous system of a person or animal.
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social motives
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Learned motives acquired as part of growing up in a particular society or culture.
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need for achievement
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The drive to excel or meet some internalized standard of excellence
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need for poweer
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The desire to have social impact and control over others.
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self confidence
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Belief that one can successfully carry out an activity or reach a goal.
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building self confidence
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- start with small goals that are hard but achivable
-fine someone who is better to guide you -advance in smal steps -when first trying to learn-learn to aquire the skill then perfect it -get suport and encourgament -if you fail, try again |
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maslows hiaerchy of human needs
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Maslow’s ordering of needs based on presumed strength or potency; some needs are more powerful than others and thus will influence your behaviour to a greater degree
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basic needs
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the first four levels of maslow: physiological needs, safety and seciurity, love and belonging, and esteem and self esteem needs; need to be more potent than higher needs
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growth needs
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higher level needs assocated with self actualiztion
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meta needs
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needs associated with impulses for self actualization
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intrinsic motivation
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motivation coming from within and not external rewards; based on personal enjoyment
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extrinsic motivation
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motivation coming from external rewards
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emotion
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State characterized by physiological arousal and changes in facial expressions, gestures, posture, and subjective feelings
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adaptive behaviours
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Aid our attempts to survive and adjust to changing conditions
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physiological changes
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Include heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and other bodily responses
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primary emotions
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according to robert pltuchik, the most common emotions are fear, anticipation, sadness, joy,disgust, suprise, anger and acceptance
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mood
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A low-intensity, long-lasting emotional state.
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parasympathetic rebound
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Overreaction to intense emotion; excess activity in the parasympathetic nervous system following a period of intense emotion.
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what did darwin belive about emotions?
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emotional expressions evovled to help us communciate what we are feeling to aid in survival
-help to give hints as to what people are to do next emotional expreeesionscan be percieved outside the -focus of attentionand can draw attentionto a given location |
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kinesics
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Study of communication through body movement, posture, gestures, and facial expressions; commonly called body language
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emotional tone
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Underlying emotional state an individual is experiencing at any given moment.
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facial blend
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mix of two facial expressions
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james lange thoery
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states that emtional feelings follow bodily arousal and comes from awarness of arousal
-emotional stimilus-->ANS arousal+behaviour->emotional feleing |
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When I see a bear as I hike, I take one glance and run, then feel scared out of my wits
- As a car almost crashes into me and I swerve into the ditch by applying the breaks, once I'm in the ditch I feel fear and relaize your have shat youself |
james lange theory
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conan bard thoery
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states that actvity in the thalamus causes emotional feelings and bodily aorusal to occur simultanelsy
emotional stimilus__>thalamus--> bevaiors, emotionak feeling,AND arousal |
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when i see bear, it activates my thalamus which alerts the cotex and hypothalamus for action; the cortex produxes the felings and behviour (emotion part) and the hypothalamus arouses the ANS...I see, I run and I conquer all that the same time
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conan bard theory
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scahter theory
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states that emtions occur when phsyical arousal is labelled or intertrepted on the basis of expierence and siutational clues
emtional stimiulus-->arousal+label-->emtional feelings and bevaiour |
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somene sneaks behinds you and scares you, your body jumps and HR raises...if a friend you laugh but if a sytranger you get creeped out
you see a bear, your HR raises but then the bear riases its paw in a friendly matter and you laugh and have he greatest time withthe bear |
schater theory
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facial feedback
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States that sensations from facial expressions help define what emotion a person faces.
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emtional appraisal
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Evaluating personal meaning of a stimulus or situation.
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emotional intelligence
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Combination of skills, including empathy, self-control, self-awareness, sensitivity to feelings of others, persistence, and self-motivation
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skills required for EQ
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empathy
self awarness-intune with own feelings managing emtions-manage your emtions understanding emitions-emtions contai nusefulinfo using emtions-enchance thinking and decisoin making |
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subjective well being
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When people are satisfied with their lives, have frequent positive emotions, and have relatively few negative emotions
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fixation
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unresolved internal conflicts caused by over indulgence or freustation
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behevaioral personality theory
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Model of personality that emphasizes learning and observable behaviour
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Learning Theorist
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Believes that learning shapes our behaviour and explains personality
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situational determinants
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External causes of our behaviours
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dollard and miller
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personality=behaviour
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habit
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learned behaviour pattern
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drive
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any stimulus strong enough to goad a personinto action
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cue
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singals from the enviorment that guide reponses
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respnse
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any bevahiour either internal or observable
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Rotter
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social learing thoery
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social learing thoery
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an explanantion that combines learining principles, modelling,cognition, and effects of social relationships; peronslaity made up of responses to specific situations
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pyschological situation
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how the person interprets ordeines the situation
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expectancy
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Anticipation that making a response will lead to reinforcement
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reinforcement value
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Subjective value attached to a particular activity or reinforcer
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social reinforement
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Praise, attention, approval, and/or affection from others.
Self-reinforcement is closely related to high self-esteem. |
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critical situation
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Miller and Dollard
situations in childhood that are extremely imporant for perosnality development 1.feeding, toilieting, sex training, and expression of anger |
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BSRI
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Bem sex role inventory; sandra bem it consist of 60 personal triats of fem, masc, neutral; done to see if you have andgrouous personality
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humanism
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an apporach in pysch thatfoceses in huma goals, potenetials and ideals
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human nature
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it is the triats, qualuites and behaviours chacateristic to humans
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Abrham maslow
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interested in ppl who led really effective lives
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self actualizaton
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the process of fufliign your potential and the ocntinous search for personal fufliiment
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self actualizer
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somebody that is living creatively andmaking use of their potential
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