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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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respondent
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behavior that is involuntary and in reaction to a stimulus
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operant
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behavior that is emitted by an organism
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Thorndike law of effect
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behavior is more likely to occur if it has been rewarded
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primary reinforcer
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biologically determined
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conditioned reinforcer
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acquire reinforcement value through association with a primary reinforcer
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Premack principle
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making high frequency behaviors contingent upon low frequency behaviors (you can watch tv when you finish your homework)
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negative reinforcement
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strengthens response through removal of an aversive stimulus (takes away bad effect)
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punishment
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weaking response (can have bad effects!)
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learned helplessness
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passive acceptance of events seemingly beyond one's control
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extinction
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when previously existing contingencies of reinforcement are taken away
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response cost
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removal of reinforcement contingent upon behavior, offender must give back an enforcer
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shaping
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reinforcement of successive approximations to a goal bahavior, reinforcer is presented contingent upon desired behavior
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chaining
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establish complex behaviors based off of simple ones, sequences
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fading
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desired bahavior is reinforced as discriminative cues are gradually withdrawn
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fixed ratio
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requires learner to make so many responses before reinforcement is delivered
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fixed interval
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reinforcement is delivered after a fixed period of time
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variable schedule
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time or number of respones is varied
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steps to change behavior
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1. set goals
2. determinate appropriate reinforcers 3. selected procedures 4. implement procedures 5.evaluate and revise |
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contingency contract
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an instructional application that may make use of both behavior modivication and instructional objectives. The student negoiates a contract with the teacher about what is expected of them.
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PSI (personalized system of instruction)
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emphasizes individual study and self pacing.
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