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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria associated with Dissociative Amnesia. |
-Inability to recall important autobiographical info, usually of traumatic nature, that is inconsistent with normal forgetfulness. -Intact procedural memory - Consists of localized amnesia OR generalized amnesia for life history (not caused by substance abuse) -Dissociative Fugue: a sudden move away from home associated with amnesia/loss of memories after a traumatic event. Individuals can’t recall past and have new identity or is confused by personal identity. |
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What does the term Dissociative Fugue mean? |
A sudden move away from home associated with amnesia/loss of memories after a traumatic event. Individuals can’t recall past and have new identity or is confused by personal identity. |
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What are some examples of Dissociative Amnesia? |
1. Forgetting name after an assault 2. Jeffery Ingram waking up in Denver |
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Name the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria associated with Dissociative Identity Disorder. |
-Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states -Marked by recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, personal info, and/or traumatic events -Include a host personality and sub-personalities that differ in awareness of one another. |
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What is another name for Dissociative Identity Disorder. |
Multiple Personality Disorder |
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What are some examples of Dissociative Identity Disorder? |
1. Tony with 53 personalities 2. Herschel Walker (Warrior, Hero, Sentry) |
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What percent of the population is affected by Dissociative Identity Disorder? |
1% |
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What is the criteria for Depersonalization Disorder? |
Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one’s thoughts, feelings, sensations, body or actions. |
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What is the criteria Derealization Disorder? |
Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings. |
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What is the difference between Depersonalization Disorder and Derealization Disorder? How are they similar? |
Depersonalization: Experiences of unreality,detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one’s thoughts,feelings, sensations, body or actions. Derealization: Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings. -Depersonalization deals with unreality or detachment associated with one's self. Derealization deals with unreality or detachment with respect to one's surroundings. |
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What is the diagnostic criteria for Somatic Symptom Disorder? |
-Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of ones symptoms. -Persistently high levels of anxiety about health or symptoms. -Excessive time and energy devoted to these symptoms or health concerns. **PSYCH TO BODY** |
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What is the diagnostic criteria for Illness-Anxiety Disorder? |
-High level ofanxiety about health. -Somatic symptoms not present or mild. -Excessive health related behaviors OR maladaptive avoidance. -Illness preoccupation present for at least 6 months. **BODY TO PSYCH** |
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What is the diagnostic criteria for Conversion Disorder? What is this condition triggered by? |
-Experiencing one or more symptoms of motor or sensory problems that suggest a neurological or medical problem, even though one isn’t found.
-Causes impairment in function or la belle indifference. **NO MEDICAL EXPLANATION** -Triggered by psychological triggers. |
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What is the difference between Acute Conversion Disorder and Persistent Conversion Disorder? |
-Acute = < 6 months -Persistent = > 6 months |
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What is the difference between Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self and Malingering? |
-Self: You are receiving sympathy for yourself. -Malingering: Obvious reasons to fake. |
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Why might some engage in Malingering? How can this be tested for? |
-To get out of things. -TOMM Test |
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What are some examples of symptoms that may be experienced by a person with Conversion Disorder? |
-Sudden paralysis of one or more areas. -Loss of feeling. -Sudden blindness/deafness. -Globus hystericus -Pseudoseizures. |
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What is the difference between primary gain and secondary gain, in terms of illness behavior and reinforcement? |
-Primary Gain: unconscious use of symptoms to reduce distress. -Secondary Gain: receiving reinforcement for somatic complaints. |
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What is primary gain, in terms of illness behavior and reinforcement? |
unconscious use of symptoms to reduce distress. |
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What is secondary gain, in terms of illness behavior and reinforcement? |
receiving reinforcement for somatic complaints. |
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What treatments are available for Somatic Symptom Disorders? |
-Bio: Antidepressants -Psych: (resembles anxiety treatment) - Change faulty brain patterns - Help clients understand connection between their thoughts and physical symptoms. - Relaxation training and exposure to avoided activities. |
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What is Contingency Management? |
Reinforcing WELL behaviors instead of sick behaviors |
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Adult dissociation often follows what type of event? |
-Severe traumatic event such as child maltreatment. -Temporary coping mechanism |
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What are the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder? |
-5 or more symptoms present during the same 2 week period and represent a change from previous functioning - At least 1 of the symptoms is EITHER depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure (Anhedonia) -Depressed mood, anhedonia, significant weight cahnge or appetite change -Insomnia/Hypersomnia -Psychomotor agitation (restless)/ retardation (sluggish) -Fatigue -Worthlessness or excessive inappropriate guilt (NEARLY DAILY) -Diminished ability to concentrate or decide -Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal idealation with or without plan, or suicide attempts. |
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What is Anhedonia? |
Loss of, or inability to experience, interest/pleasure |
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What is another name for Persistent Depressive Disorder? |
Dysthymia |
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What are the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Persistent Depressive Disorder? |
-Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years. -During the 2 year period, cannot be without symptoms for more than 2 months at a time. -While depressed, must experience 2 or more of these symptoms: Poor/overactive appetite, insomnia/hypersomnia, low energy/fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration, feelings of hopelessness. |
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What is Double Depression? |
Some people with Dysthymia can experience one or more major depressive episode as well. |
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What is a manic episode? What criteria define a manic episode? |
-Distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood AND abnormally increased goal-directed activity or motivation.
-Criteria: inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, more talkative, flight of ideas, distractibility reported or observed, increased goals/psychomotor restlessness, excessive involvement in activities that have painful consequencs. |
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What is a hypomanic episode? |
-Distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, but lasts at least 4 consecutive days; NOT severe enough for marked impairment in social or occupation function to necessitate hospitalization. -Criteria: inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, more talkative, flight of ideas, distractibility reported or observed, increased goals/psychomotor restlessness, excessive involvement in activities that have painful consequencs. |
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What are the criteria for Bipolar I Disorder? |
-Criteria have been met for at least 1 manic episode. -May involve only one manic episode. -May alternate between episodes of major depression AND mania. -Can have "mixed features" or mania with depressive symptoms that do not meet MDD criteria. |
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What are the criteria for Bipolar II Disorder? |
-Criteria met for at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode. -NEVER a manic episode. |
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What does the term Rapid Cyclers mean? |
Frequently switch from depression to mania, and back. (4 full blown cycles per year) |
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What is the criteria for Cyclothymic Disorder? (aka Cyclothymia) |
-Numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode, AND numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode (for at least 2 years) -During the 2 year period, the hypomanic and depressive periods have been for half the time, and not without two months at a time. -Criteria for MDD, Manic, and/or Hypomanic episodes have NOT been met. |
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What does suicide risk assessment involve? |
-Assessing suicidal ideation, intent, plans, and self-harming behaviors. -Mood disorder patients are ALWAYS at risk. |
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What is the SAD PERSON acronym? |
-Sex:Females more likely to attempt/ Males more likely to commit -Age:Younger (15-24 yo) more likely/ Over 60 more likely -Depression:mood disorders and hopelessness present -PreviousAttempts: Person has a history of suicide attempts -EthanolAbuse -RationalThoughts: Not thinking in long-term schemes -SocialSupport: Lack of familial or friendly support -OrganizedPlan: Person has decided a plan (High Risk!) -No Spouse: Marital separation or loneliness is a driving force -Sickness:chronic/severe/debilitating sickness |
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What neurotransmitters are implicated in mood disorders? And what are the typical levels of each in specific mood disorders? |
Serotonin: low in bipolar and depression Norepinephrine: low in depression, high in bipolar Dopamine: high in bipolar |
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What is permissive hypothesis? |
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Hormones related to mood disorders? |
Cortisol (depression), underactive thyroids (depressive symptoms/rapid cycles) |
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Explain the Negative Cognitive Triad. |
Self: "I'm stupid." World: "Everyone else knows I'm stupid." Future: "I'll never succeed because of my stupidity." |
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Explain the Hopelessness (attribution) Theory. |
Focuses on the attitudes or attributions people make about an event. Many times these are internal, global (affect all parts), and stable (last a lifetime) attributes. Hopelessness is KEY to depression. |
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Explain Learned Helplessness. |
Belief that nothing you do has an impact on an outcome so you might as well not even try. |
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What medications are used to treat mood disorders? |
-SSRIs mostc ommonly prescribed antidepressant because of lesser side effects than MAOIs and Tricyclics. -Ex). Lexipro/Paxil/Prozac/Zoloft -Lithium most prescribed for bipolar disorder because it increases serotonin to stabilize mood changes. |
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Why is medication compliance difficult, particularly with Bipolar Disorder? |
When symptoms cease, people stop taking preventative drugs. |
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What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)? When is it employed? |
-USED FOR DANGEROUS DEPRESSIVE EPISODES -Employed when depression has not responded to medical treatment. -1-2 electrodes placed on patient's head inducing a deizure into the brain via shock (for 0.5 - 2 seconds) - 6-12 sessions over 2-4 weeks |
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Describes the psychological treatments for mood disorders? |
-Cognitive Therapy: thought pattern changes/ counteracting anhedonia -Behavioral Activation: get people out -Mindfulness: focus on present rather than dwelling on past failures or future failures. |
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What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)? |
Intense PMS;severe disabling extension of PMS characterized by hopelessness,anxiety/tension, marked irritability or anger and extreme moodiness 7-10 days before period. Also causes breast tenderness, bloating, fatigue and changes in sleep/eating. |
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What is Peripartum Depression? What is Postpartum Depression? |
Some women experience depression during or after pregnancy. |
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What is Disruptive Mood Regulation Disorder? |
-Mood disorder in children that includes chronic and severe irritability with frequent outbursts. -May develop into depression or anxiety disorder as a teenager. |
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What is the difference between Endogenous Depression and Exogenous (Reactive) Depression? |
Endogenous: Genetically caused depression Exogenous: Depression caused by a life event |
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How is light therapy used as a treatment for people with Seasonal Affective Disorder (seasonal depression)? |
-Light mimics outdoor light to counteract seasonal depression. -Causes change in the brain that lifts mood each day. |
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What is Reminiscence Therapy? What is it used for? |
-Systematic review and discussion of each phase of a person's life from birth to present with specific focus on solving conflict and regret. -Commonly used for elderly patients with depression. |
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What are the different types of Suicide? Who proposed these concepts? |
-Proposed by Emile Durkheim -1. Egoistic Suicide -2. Anomic Suicide -3. Fatalistic Suicide -4. Altruistic Suicide |
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Define Egoistic Suicide. |
Self-centered with no emotional attachments to others or to group and assumes suicide will hurt no one but themselves. |
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Define Anomic Suicide. |
Person who is in a stable social life but fails to see comfort or stability from it, leading to a sense of no belonging. |
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Define Fatalistic Suicide. |
Occur in social conditions where individuals experience pervasive oppression.
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Define Altruistic Suicide. |
People who are so well integrated into their social groups that they will sacrifice their lives for its well-being. (Kamikaze Pilots) |
