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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Neurosis?
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An unpleasant or maladaptive psychological disorder that may affect personality, mood, and behavior but does not prevent the person from carrying out most activities of daily living.
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What is Psychosis?
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A mental disorder in which there is very little insight, poor contact with reality, and severe personality decompensation, evidenced by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech patterns and bizarre or catatonic behaviors.
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What is the etiology (cause) of Neurosis?
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Brought on by psychological factors caused from stress and its meaning to the person.
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What is the etiology (cause) of Psychosis?
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Brought on by toxic factors or by psychological factors or by a combination of the two.
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What are the symptoms of Neurosis?
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Varieties of conversions, obsessions, compulsions, and phobias.
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What are the symptoms of Psychosis?
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Varieties of delusions, hallucinations, and illusions. They deal with previously supressed and repressed conflicts through delusions, hallucinations and illusions.
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What type of therapy is required for persons with Neurosis?
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Does not require hospitalization, treatment may be long-term. Unconsciously fight getting well.
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What type of therapy is required for persons with Psychosis?
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Requires hospitalization. Treatment may be long term, but the person does not recognize they are ill.
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What is organic brain syndrome?
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Any of a large group of acute and chronic mental disorders associated with brain damage or an impaired cerebral function with a physical cause. Also called cognitive disorders.
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What are the types of cognitive disorders?
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Delirium and Dementia.
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What is delirium?
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An acute cognitive disorder that produces a marked change in mental status. It is acute so the person can return to their normal state after treatment.
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What is the treatment for delirium?
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Identify and remove the cause.
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What is dementia?
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A change in mental status that is caused by physical changes in the brain. Chronic, irreversible deterioriation of the brain.
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What is Alzheimer's disease?
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A common degenerative condition that results in significant dementia which is now referred to as senile dementia of the alzheimer's type.
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How does Alzheimer's usually begin?
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With a decrease in memory, emotional stability, and general functioning.
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What is the pharmacological treatment for Alzheimer's disease?
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To slow the progression of the disease and reduce the symptoms. examples are Aricept and Exelon.
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What is Multi-Infarct Dementia?
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Vascular dementia caused by several brain infarcts.
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How is Multi-Infarct Dementia diagnosed?
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By MRI.
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How can you tell a person has pick's disease?
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You can't until an autopsy is performed. Survival time is approx. seven years.
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What is Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?
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Rare dementia caused by a slow virus. Rapid with death occuring within two years of onset.
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Why is AIDS dementia considered infectious?
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Because AIDS is considered infectious.
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What is Crack-Related Dementia?
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It is dementia related to cocaine abuse, specifically crack cocaine. Believed to be irreversible.
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How do you diagnose dementia?
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History, mental and physical changes, age changes occurred, how signs and symptoms progressed, functions lost, were changes associated with medical or emotional events, and what meds the patient was on.
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What does a neurological exam include?
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Vision, eye movement, muscle tone and strength, reflexes, coordination, and mental status.
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What does a psychatric exam determine?
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Underlying factors that may cause dementia.
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What does the psychometric testing include?
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Recalling, attention, concentration, calculation ability, intelligence scales, judgement and planning abilities.
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What is Huntington's Chorea?
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A hereditary sex-linked form of psychosis that is most common in men in their early 30's and progresses rapidly.
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Where are most people placed that have severe problems or sudden exacerbations?
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In an acute or long term care facility.
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What is intellectualization?
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Unconsciously transferring emotions into the realm of intellect; using reasoning as a means of avoiding confrontation with objectionable impulses.
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What is cognition?
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How a person thinks.
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What is Axis I?
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Clinical psychiatric syndromes.
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What is Axis II?
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Personality disorders and mental retardation.
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What is Axis III?
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General medical conditions.
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What is Axis IV?
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Psychosocial and environmental problems.
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What is Axis V?
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Global assessment of functioning.
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What is malingering?
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Feigning or faking symptoms so that he/she can stay in the hospital, recieve meds, avoid arrest, or get attention.
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What are some physical conditions that cause mental disorders?
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Disorders of the thyroid gland, the pancreas, the pituitary gland, the adrenal gland, electrolyte imbalance, brain tumors and infectious disorders.
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What are some nutritional disorders that cause mental problems?
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Deficiencies of niacin, thiamine, vitamin B12 and folic acid. Can cause problems ranging from irritability to depression.
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What are some examples of common neurosis?
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Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, Depressive Reaction, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Acute Stress Disorder.
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What are some forms of generalized anxiety?
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Apprehension, irritability, insomnia, palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, poor concentration, and fear of the unknown.
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What form of treatment should be utilized for anxiety?
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Helping the patient to develop the capacity to tolerate mild anxiety and use it constuctively. Encourage, be supportive, explain treatments, possibly prescribe antianxiety meds.
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What is Conversion Disorder?
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A hysterical reaction manifested by dysfunction of a part of the body. Anxiety about seeing something is controlled by going blind.
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What is a phobia?
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An overwhelming fear of something.
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What is obsessive compulsion?
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Characterized by thoughts (obsessions) that the patient cannot control or actions (compulsions) that the patient must perform. Obsessions-counting stairs. Compulsions-flipping the light switch on and off fifty times before you can leave the room.
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What is a depressive reaction?
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Depression as a reaction to fatigue, insomnia or sleepiness, feeling of worthlessness, anorexia or overeating, slowing down of body processes.
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What is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?
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A condition in which the patient has experienced a stressful situation and is unable to work through their feelings. May have dreams or flashbacks about the event or sleep disorders.
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What type of treatment is recommended for persons with PTSD?
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Group or individual therapy, encouraging them to talk.
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What is a Paranoid personality characterized by?
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A rigid and pervasive sense of suspiciousness.
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What is a Schizoid personality characterized by?
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A tendency to withdraw from others and a chronic sense of loneliness. Fearful of being hurt if they allow people to get close. Feelings are easily hurt, they daydream and are secretive.
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What is a Schizotypal personality characterized by?
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Schizophrenic symptoms that are less severe in nature, vague speech, emotions don't match situations, preoccupied and suspicious.
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What is a cyclothymic personality characterized by?
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Mood swings from depression to elation. May progress to become bi-polar.
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What is Borderline Personality characterized by?
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Mood is unpredictable and unstable. May have intense personal relationships that alternate between extremes of love, hate, and dependency. Major mood swings, and may engage in self-harmful acts.
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What is Antisocial personality disorder characterized by?
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A person who has a disregard for others and violate the rights of others. They have no remorse for their actions.
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What is Histrionic Personality disorder characterized by?
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Traits of vanity, self-indulgence, and a flair for dramatization or exhibitionism. Immature, self-centered, and vain.
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What is Narcissistic Personality disorder characterized by?
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Self-love, thinks the world exists just to meet their needs. Give the impression that they are it, but actually have low self esteem.
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What is Avoidant Personality disorder characterized by?
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Afraid of rejection, desire close relationships but tend to avoid social interactions. Want constant approval.
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What is Dependent Personality disorder characterized by?
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Lack of self-confidence, can't make decisions or function as a responsible adult. Repress their own needs to get approval of others. Dependent and want to stay that way because they can't rely on themselves.
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What are the characteristics of a phobia?
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Persistent, excessive, unreasonable and severe fear of a thing or event.
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What are the two types of depression?
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Organic or situational. Organic meaning that it is a physical problem and situational meaning that its because of whatever situation the person is in.
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What type of drug is most commonly used to treat depression?
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SSRI's or Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors
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What is the least safe of the antidepressants?
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MAO I's
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