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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intracranial, extraaxial masses
Extraaxial, hemisphere? |
Meningioma
Mets Lymphoma Arachnoid cyst Dermoid/epidermoid Hemorrhagic Infectious fluid collections |
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Intracranial, extraaxial masses
Clivus, prepontine cistern? |
Mets
Meningioma Chordoma Chondroma, chondrosarcoma |
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Intracranial, extraaxial masses
CP angle masses? |
CN 8 neuroma (also CN 5, 7)
Meningioma Epidermoid Paraganglioma Petrous apex cholesterol cysts Aneurysm Mets Arachnoid cyst Lipoma Dermoid |
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Intracranial, intraaxial masses
Hemisphere? |
Astrocytoma
Glioblastoma Oligodendroglioma Lymphoma Mets PNET Ganglioma/cytoma |
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Intracranial, intraaxial masses
Sella? |
Adenoma
Craniopharyngioma/Rathke's cyst Mets Abscess Sarcoid EG stalk |
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Intracranial, intraaxial masses
Brainstem? |
Astrocytoma
Glioblastoma |
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Intracranial, intraaxial masses
Cerebellum? |
Astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma Hemangioblastoma Mets Ependymoma Choroid plexus papilloma or carcinoma |
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Intracranial, intraaxial masses
Pineal region? |
Germ cell tumor
Pineal parenchymal cell tumor |
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Multiple lesions?
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Tumor
Mets Multicentric glioma Lymphoma Infection Abscess Fungus Cysticercosis Toxoplasmosis Vascular Embolic infarcts Multifocal hemorrhage DAI Contusions Cavernous hemangiomas Vasculitis |
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Corpus callosum lesions?
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Tumors
Astrocytoma (butterfly glioma) Lymphoma Lipoma (midline) Demyelinating disease MS Marchiafava-Bignami disease (alcoholics) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Infarct (always involves cingulate gyrus) |
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Intrasellar masses?
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Pituitary adenoma
Pituitary apoplexy Craniopharyngioma Cysts (Rathke's cleft, pars intermedia) Mets Aneurysm Abscess |
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Suprasellar masses?
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"SATCHMOE"
Sellar lesion with superior extension, sarcoidosis Aneurysm, arachnoid cyst Teratoid lesions (germ cell tumors, epidermoid/dermoid) Craniopharyngioma Hypothalamic glioma Mets, meningioma Optic nerve glioma EG |
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Thickened enhancing pituitary stalk?
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Adenoma
Lymphoma Sarcoid TB EG Lymphocytic hypophysitis (if pregnant) |
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Posterior fossa tumors
Adults? |
Mets
Hemangioblastoma Astrocytoma Extraaxial tumors (meningioma, schwannoma, epidermoid) |
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Posterior fossa tumors
Children? |
Cerebellar astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma Brainstem glioma Ependymoma |
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Brain tumors in infants (less than 2 yo)?
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Teratoma (most common)
PNET Choroid plexus papilloma/carcinoma Anaplastic astrocytoma |
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Lateral ventricle tumors?
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0-15 yo:
PNET Choroid plexus papilloma 15-30 yo: Glioma Juvenile Pilocystic astrocytoma over 30 yo: Subependymoma Astrocytoma Mets Oligodendroglioma Meningioma Central neurocytoma |
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3rd ventricle tumors?
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0-15 years:
Astroctyoma EG of stalk Germinoma Extrinsic craniopharyngioma 15-30 yo: Colloid cyts over 30: Glioma Mets Pituitary or pineal masses Aneurysm, sarcoid |
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4th ventricle tumors?
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0-15 yo:
Ependymoma Medulloblastoma 15-30 yo: Choroid plexus papilloma over 30 yo: Mets/hemangiomablastoma Subependymoma |
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CPA mass?
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Acoustic neuroma
Meningioma Epidermoid Arachnoid cyst Mets Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia Exophytic glioma Lipoma |
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Cystic masses?
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Neoplastic:
Cystic astrocytoma/GBM Hemangioblastoma Mets (SCCa) Benign: Dermoid/epidermoid Arachnoid cyst Colloid cyst Cavum variants (Cavum septum pellucidum, cavum vergae, cavum velum interpositum) |
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Tumors with CSF seeding?
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Choroid plexus papilloma/carcinoma
Ependymoma PNET tumors Medulloblasoma Pinealoblastoma Cerebral neuroblasoma Germinomas GBM |
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Underlying causes of hemorrhage
Children? |
AVM
Cavernous malformation Venous thrombosis |
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Underlying causes of hemorrhage
Adults? |
Mets
GBM Amyloid angiopathy |
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Etiology of intraaxial (intraparenchymal) hemorrhage?
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HTN
Tumor Trauma AVM Aneurysm Coagulopathy Amyloid angiopathy Emboli Hemorrhagic infarction Vasculitis |
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Hyperdense lesions (CT)?
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High cell density tumors:
Lymphoma PNETs Ependymoma Germinoma Hemorrhagic tumors: GBM Mets "CT/MR" (Choriocarcinoma, Thyroid, Melanoma, Renal cell) Calcified tumors: Mucinous mets All osteogenic tumors Hemorrhage: HTN Trauma Vascular lesion |
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T2 Hypointense lesions?
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Paramagnetic effects:
Ferritin, hemosiderin Deoxyhemoglobin Intracellular methemoglobin Melanin Low spin density: Calcification High nucleus/cytoplasm ratio Fibrous tissue High protein concentration Flow signal void |
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T1 hyperintense lesions?
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Paramagnetic effects:
Gad Methemoglobin Melanin Ions Fat Very high protein concentration Slow flow |
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Temporal lobe T2 hyperintense lesions?
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HSV encephalitis
Limbic encephalitis Venous infarct Trauma Lymphoma Tumors (low-grade glioma, ganglioma) |
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Mutliple susceptibility hypointense lesions?
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Amyloid angiopathy
Multiple cavernomas DAI |
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Lesions with no enhancement?
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Cysts
Tumors in intact blood-brain barrier (low-grade glioma) |
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Lesions with strong enhancement?
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Meningioma
PNET AVM Paraganglioma Aneurysm HIV-associated lymphoma GBM |
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Diffuse meningeal enhancement?
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Meningitis
Carcinomatosis (lymphoma, mets) Post-op/post-shunt SAH Intracranial hypotension (CSF leak) |
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Basilar meningeal enhancement?
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Infection:
TB (most common) Fungal Pyogenic Cysticercosis Tumor: Lymphoma Carcinomatosis Inflammatory: Sarcoid Rheumatoid pachymeningitis (also SLE and Wegener's) Whipple's disease |
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Ependymal enhancement?
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Tumor:
Lymphoma Mets CSF seeding from PNET, GBM Infection: Spread of meningitis CMV infection Inflammatory ventriculitis: Post-shunt/instrumentation Posthemorrhage |
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T2 hypointense basal ganglia lesions?
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Old age
Any chronic degenerative disease (MS, Parkinson's) Childhood hypoxia |
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T2 Hyperintense basal ganglia lesions?
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"TINT"
Tumor (Lymphoma) Ischemia Hypoxic encephalopathy Venous infarction Neurodegenerative diseases Huntington's Wilson's Hallervaroden-Spatz dx Mitochondrial encephalopathies Aminoacidopathies Toxin CO, CN, H2S poisoning Hypoglycemia Methanol |
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T1 hyperintense basal ganglia lesions?
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Dystrophic calcifications
Hepatic failure Neurofibromatosis Manganese (used in TPN) |
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Basal ganglia calcification (increased CT density)?
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Senescent/physiologic/idiopathic calcification
Metabolic calcification Hypoparathyroidism Pseudohypoparathyroidism Pseudo-pseudohypopara Hyperparathyroidism Infection TORCH, AIDS Postinflammatory (TB,toxo) Cysticercosis Toxic/postanoxic Lead CO Radiation therapy Chemotherapy Fahr's Mitochondrial, encephalopathies Cockayne's syndrome |
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Posterior fossa cystic abnormalities?
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Dandy-Walker malformation
Dandy-Walker variant Mega cisterna magna Retrocerebellar arachnoid cyst Chiari IV Epidermoid/dermoid Cystic tumore |
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Spinal cord compression?
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Infection (TB, pyogenic)
Compression fracture Malignancy Trauma Herniated nucleus, hypertrophy of ligaments Osteophytes, facet hypertropthy Benign tumors Epidural hematoma |
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Spine intramedullary lesions?
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Astrocytoma (most common peds)
Ependymoma (most common adults) Hemangioblastoma Mets Demyelinating disease/myelitis Syringohydromyelia AVM Trauma |
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Spine intradural extramedullary tumors?
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Neruofibroma
Schwannoma Meningioma Drop mets Lipoma Teratomatous lesion Arachnoid cyst Arachnoiditis/meningitis AVM/AVF |
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Spine extradural lesions?
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Disk
Mets Epidural abscess Hematoma Lipomatosis Synovial cyst |
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Syringohydromyelia?
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Chiari
Spinal dysraphism Dandy-Walker Diastematomyelia Astrocytoma Ependymoma Arachnoiditis/meningitis SAH Spinal cord injury Vascular insult |
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Enhancing nerve roots in the filum terminale?
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Arachnoiditis
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Viral Lyme disease Lymphoma Mets |
