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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Esophageal luminal narrowing?
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Webs:
-Idiopathic -Plummer-Vinson syndrome Rings: -Congenital (vascular, muscular) -Schatzki's ring Strictures: -Skin lesions (epidermolysis, pemphigoid; proximal 1/3 esophagus) -Tumor -Esophagitis (lye, Barrett's, infection) -Achalasia, scleroderma, Chaga's Extrinsic compression: -Vascular aortic arch, arch anomalies, aneurysm, LA -Left bronchus -Mediastinal tumors |
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Megaesophagus?
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Achalasia
Scleroderma Dilatation secondary to distal narrowing (tumor, stricture) Chaga's Diabetic or alcoholic neuropathy Bulbar palsy |
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Esophageal tears?
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Esophagitis
Tumor Vomiting: -Mallory-Weis -Boerhaave's Tracheoesophageal fistula Bronchopulmonary foregut malformation with communication to esophagus: -Bronchogenic cyst -Extralobar sequestration |
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Solitary filling defects (mass lesions) in the esophagus?
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Benign neoplasm:
-Leiomyoma -Pedunculated fibrovascular polyp -Cysts, papilloma, fibroma, hemangioma Malignant neoplasms: -Squamous cell ca -Adenocarcinoma -Carcinosarcoma -Lymphoma -Mets Foreign bodies Varices: -Uphill (portal HTN, inferior) -Downhill (SVC obstruction, superior) Extrinsic lesions (lymph nodes, engorged vessels, aneurysms, cysts) |
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Thickened esophageal folds?
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Early forms of esophagitis
Neoplasm: -Lymphoma -Varicoid carcinoma Varices |
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Air-fluid level in esophagus?
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Hiatal hernia
Esophageal diverticulum Cancer Achalasia Scleroderma |
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Gastritis?
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Erosive gastritis:
-Corrosives -EtOH -Stress -Drugs Granulomatous disease: -Crohn's -Sarcoid -Syphilis -TB -Histoplasmosis Eosinophilic gastritis Hypertrophic gastritis: -Menetrier's disease -Zollinger-Ellison -Idiopathic Recurrent gastric ulcer: -Zollinger-Ellison -PUD -Retained gastic antrum -Drugs Radiation Ulcer Corrosives Psuedolymphoma Suture line ulceration Intraarterial chemotherapy |
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Target (Bull's eye) lesions in stomach?
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Gastritis:
-Erosive (NSAID, EtOH) -Granulomatous (Crohn's) -Infections (candidiasis, herpes, syphilis, CMV) Submucosal mets: -Melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma -Lymphoma Solitary, giant bull's eye: -Leiomyoma -Sarcoma |
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Filling defect (mass lesion) in stomach?
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Neoplasm:
-Adenocarcinoma -Lymphoma -Leiomyosarcoma -Mets -Kaposi sarcoma Endometriosis Carcinoid Leiomyoma, lipoma Polyps Varices Extramedullary hematopoesis Ectopic pancreas Extrinsic compression: -Spleen -Pancreas -Liver |
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Giant rugal folds?
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Tumor:
-Lymphoma Inflammation: -Menetrier's disease -Zollinger-Ellison Gastritis associated with pancreatitis -Bile reflux esophagitis -Eosinophilic gastroenteritis |
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Linitis plastica?
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Tumor:
-Scirrhous cancer -Lymphoma -Mets -Pancreatic carcinoma Inflammation: -Erosive gastritis -Radiation Infiltrative disease: -Sarcoid -Amyloid -Intramural gastric hematoma Infection: -TB -Syphilis |
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Antral lesions?
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Tumor:
-Adenocarcinoma -Lymphoma -Mets Inflammatory: -Crohn's -PUD -TB -Sarcoid Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Pylorospasm Antral web |
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Free intraperitoneal air?
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Surgery or laparoscopy
Perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer Cecal perforation from colonic obstruction Pneumatosis coli Air through genital tract in females Perforated distal bowel (IBD, diverticulitis, tumor) |
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Filling defects in duodenum?
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Benign neoplasm:
-Adenoma -Leiomyoma -Carcinoid -Villous adenoma Malignant neoplasm: -Adenocarcinoma -Mets Bulb: -Ectopic gastric mucosa -Prolapsed antral mucosa -Brunner gland hyperplasia -Varices Distal: -Benign lymphoid hyperplasia -Ectopic pancreas -Annular pancreas -Papilla of Vater -Tumor -Edema with impacted or passed gallstone -Choledochocele |
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Luminal outpouchings of duodenum?
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Ulcer:
-Ulcer with contained perf -Malignant ulcer Diverticulum: -Pseudodiverticulum -Choledochoduodenal or cholecystoduodenal fistula -True diverticulum medial |
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Post-bulbar narrowing of duodenum?
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Neoplastic:
-Adenocarcinoma -Lymphoma -Mets Inflammatory: -Post-bulbar ulcer -Duodenitis -Crohn's -Pancreatitis Annular pancreas Intramural diverticulum Duodenal duplication cyst Duodenal hematoma Aortic aneurysm (3rd part) SMA syndrome |
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Papillary enlargement of duodenum?
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Normal variant
Choledochocele Papillary edema: -Pancreatitis -Acute duodenal ulcer -Impacted stone Ampullary tumor: -Adenomatous polyp -Carcinoma |
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Paralytic (adynamic) ileus?
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Post-op
Vascular (IBD) Inflammatory: -Pancreatitis -Appendicitis -Cholecystitis -Diverticulitis -Peritonitis Metabolic: -Hypokalemia -Hypocalcemia -Hypomagnesemia Medication: -Morphine, Lomotil |
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Mechanical SBO?
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Adhesions
Hernia Tumors Gallstones Inflammation with strictures |
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Malabsorption patterns?
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Predominantly thick/irregular folds
Predominantly dilated loops, normal folds |
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Malabsorption pattern with predominantly thick/irregular folds?
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"WAG CLEM"
Whipple's disease Amyloid Giardiasis, graft-vs-host, gammaglobulinopathy Cryptosporidiosis Lymphoma, lymphangiectasia, lactase deficiency Eosinophilic gastroenteritis MAC |
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Malabsorption pattern with predominantly dilated loops, normal folds?
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"SOSO"
Sprue Obstruction or ileus Scleroderma Other: -Meds (morphine, lomotil, atropine, Pro-banthine) -Vagotomy |
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Thick small bowel folds without malabsorption pattern?
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Submucosal edema:
-Ischemia -Enteritis -Hypoproteinemia -Graft-vs-host Submucosal tumor: -Lymphoma, leukemia -Infiltrating carcinoid causing venous stasis Submucosal hemorrhage: -Henoch-Schonlein -Hemolytic uremic syndrome -Coagulopathies -Thrombocytopenia, DIC |
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Small bowel nodules?
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Mastocytosis
Lymphoid hyperplasia Lymphoma Mets Polyps Crohn's disease |
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Small bowel tumors?
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Benign:
-Adenoma -Leiomyoma -Lipoma -Hemangioma -Neurogenic -Brunner gland hyperplasia -Heterotopic pancreatic tissue Malignant: -Mets (melanoma, kidney, breast, Kaposi) -Lymphoma -Carcinoid -Sarcoma -Adenocarcinoma Polyposis syndromes |
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Mesenteric bowel ischemia?
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Occulsive disease:
-Emboli -Arterial thrombosis -Venous thrombosis Non-occlusive: -Hypotension -Hypovolemia |
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Shortened transit time?
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Anxiety
Hyperthyroidism Medications: -Metoclopramide -Neostigmine -Quinidine -Methacholine Partial SBO |
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Colon mass lesions?
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Non-neoplastic polypoid abnormalities:
-Normal lymphofollicular pattern -Pneumatosis coli -Colitis cystica profunda -Amyloidosis -Endometriosis -Ischemic colitis Polyps Polyposis syndromes Benign neoplasm: -Lipoma -Leiomyoma Malignant neoplasm: -Adenocarcinoma -Mets -Lymphoma |
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Colon polyps?
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Hyperplastic polyps
Adenomatous polyps: -Tubular -Villous -Tubulovillous Hamartomatous polyps |
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Colon ulcers?
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Aphthoid (superficial):
-Crohn's -Behcet's -CMV -Herpes -Amebiasis Deep ulcers: -Inflammatory (UC, Crohn's, Behcets) -Infectious (Amebiasis, TB, Salmonella, Shigella, Histo, Candida, Herpes, CMV) -Ischemic colitis -Radiation colitis |
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Bowel wall thickening (thumbprinting)?
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Edema:
-Infectious colitis -IBD Tumor: -Lymphoma, leukemia Hemorrhage: -Ischemia -Henoch-Schonlein -Coagulopathies |
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Tumor-like colonic deformity?
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Tumor:
-Adenocarcinoma -Mets Inflammation: -Diverticulitis -Focal (IBD, ameboma, TB) Endometriosis Pelvic abscess Epiploic appendagitis |
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Long (>10cm) colonic narrowing?
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Scirrhous adenocarcinoma
Lymphoma UC Crohn's Ischemic stricture Radiation |
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Ahaustral colon?
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Cathartic abuse (often right colon)
UC Crohn's Amebiasis Aging (often left colon) |
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Colonic obstruction?
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Carcinoma
Diverticulitis Volvulus Impaction Hernia |
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Megacolon?
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Toxic megacolon:
-UC, Crohn's -Amegiasis, Shigellosis, C. diff Acute colonic distention: -Obstructive (cancer) -Paralytic ileus -Volvulus Chronic megacolon: -Cathartic colon -Ogilvie's -Psychogenic -Hirschprung's -Chaga's -Neuromusuclar disorders -Hypothyroidism -Electrolyte imbalance |
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Adult intussusception?
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Idiopathic
Tumors: -Polyps, lipoma -Mets, lymphoma, carcinoid Meckel's diverticulum Adhesions Aberrant pancreas |
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Pneumatosis coli?
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COPD
Pneumatosis cystoides: -Patients on ventilator -Mucosal injury -Scleroderma -Steroids -Chemotherapy Pneumatosis intestinales: -Infarcted bowel -Necrotizing enterocolitis -Toxic megacolon -Typhlitis |
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Ileocecal deformities?
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Inflammation (coned cecum):
-Crohn's -UC -Amebiasis -TB -Typhlitis Tumor: -Lymphoma -Adenocarcinoma -Carcinoid of ileum -Intussusception |
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Proctitis?
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Condylomata acuminata
Lymphogranuloma venereum Gonococcal proctitis UC Crohn's |
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Solid liver masses?
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Neoplasm:
-Benign: hemangioma -Malignant Focal fatty liver Regenerating nodules in cirrhosis |
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Cystic liver masses?
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Infectious:
-Echinococcosis -Amebiasis -Abscesses Benign: -Simple liver cysts -Polycystic diease of the liver -Biliary cystadenoma -Obstructed intrahepatic GB -Biloma Malignant masses: -Cystadenocarcinoma -Cystic mets (ovarian) -Necrotic tumors -Cholangiocarcioma |
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Increased liver density on CT?
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Hemachromatosis
Glycogen storage disease Wilson's disease Amiodarone, cisplatin Apparent increased density of liver parenchyma in patients with anemia |
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Decreased liver density on CT?
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Fatty liver:
-Obesity -Alcohol -Diabetes -Steroids -Chemotherapy |
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Hypervascular liver lesions?
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Hemangioma
Hemangioendothelioma Hemangiopericytoma Angiosarcoma Mets (Islet cell, Melanoma, Carcinoid, RCC, Thyroid, Breast, Sarcoma) |
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Fat-containing liver masses?
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Hepatic adenoma
HCC Mets Focal fatty infiltration Lipoma |
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Focal liver lesions with capsular retraction?
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Mets after treatment
Cholangiocarcinoma Focal confluent fibrosis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma Hemangioma |
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Focal liver lesions with central scar?
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FNH
Fibrolamellar HCC Large cavernous hemangioma Cholangiocarcinoma Adenoma HCC Mets |
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Hyperechoic liver lesons on u/s?
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Round lesions:
-Hemangioma -Hyperechoic mets -HCC -Fibrolamellar HCC -Focal fat, lipoma, angiomyolipoma -Gaucher's disease Linear lesions: -Air in biliary tree -Air in portal veins -Biliary ascariasis |
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Multiple hypoechoic liver lesions?
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Tumor:
-Mets -Lymphoma -Multifocal HCC Infection: -Multiple pyogenic abscesses -Amebic abscesses -Echinococcus -Candidiasis -Schistosomiasis Regenerating nodules, cirrhosis Sarcoid Extramedullary hematopoiesis Hematomas Hemangioma |
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Gas in liver?
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Biliary air
Portal venous gas Abscess Emphysematous cholecystitis |
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Extrahepatic biliary dilatation?
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Intrapancreatic:
-Pancreatic cancer -Calculus -Chronic pancreatitis Suprancreatic: -Primary biliary ductal ca -Metastatic lymph nodes Portal: -Invasive GB ca -Surgical strictures -Hepatoma -Cholangiocarcinoma |
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Types of biliary obstruction?
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Tumor:
-Abrupt termination of duct -Mass adjacent to duct Pancreatitis: -Smooth, long tapering Stone disease: -Calculus visible -Meniscus sign Cholangitis: -Sclerosing cholangitis -AIDS cholangitis -Intrahepatic biliary calculi Caroli's disease Intrahepatic biliary neoplasm: -Cystadenoma -Cystadenocarcinoma |
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Gallbladder wall thickening?
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Diffuse:
-Nonfasting GB -Acute cholecystitis -Chronic cholecystitis -Portal veinous HTN -Hypoalbuninemia -Hepatitis -AIDS -Ascitis Focal: -GB carcinoma -Mets -Benign tumors (polyps, adenomyomatosis) -Tumefactive sludge adherent to GB wall -AIDS |
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Hyperechoic foci gallbladder wall?
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Calculus
Polyp Cholesterol Emphysematous cholecystitis Porcelain GB |
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Dense gallbladder on CT?
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Hepatobiliary excretion of contrast
Calculi Milk of calcium bile Reflux of oral contrast after surgery Oral cholecystogram Hemorrhage |
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Cystic pancreatic lesions?
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Unilocular:
-Simple cyst -Pseudocyst post-pancreatitis Microcystic: -Serous cystadenoma Macrocystic: -Mucinous cystadenoma Mural nodules: -Pancreatic adenocarcinoma |
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Common pancreatic cystic neoplasms?
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Mucinous cystic neoplasm
Serous cystadenoma Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) |
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Rare pancreatic cystic neoplasms?
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Solid pseudopapillary tumor
Papillary cystic epithelial neoplasm Acinar cell cystadenocarcinoma Cystic teratoma Cystic choriocarcinoma Angiomatous neoplasms Paraganglioma |
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Solid pancreatic tumors undergoing cystic change?
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Cystic islet cell tumors
Cystic necrosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma Lymphoma Mets Cystic teratoma Sarcoma |
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Hyerpechoic pancreas?
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CF
Pancreatic lipomatosis |
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Focal splenic lesions?
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Tumor:
-Mets -Hemangioma -Lymphangioma -Hamartoma -Myxoma, chondroma, osteoma, hemangiosarcoma Infection: -Abscess -Candidiasis -TB, MAI -Schistosomiasis -Pneumocystis jiroveci Infarcts Hematoma Cysts (simple, hydatid) Fatty nodules in Gaucher's |
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Splenomegaly?
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Tumor:
-Leukemia -Lymphoma Infection: -Infectious mono -Histoplasmosis Metabolic disorders: -Gaucher's -Amyloid -Hemochromatosis Trauma Vascular: -Portal HTN -Hematologic disorders |
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Peritoneal fluid collections?
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Water density:
-Ascites -Urinoma -Biloma -Seroma -Lymphocele -Pancreatic pseudocyst -CSF pseudocyst from VP shunt Complex cyst: -Abscess -Hematoma -Pseudomyxoma peritonei -Pancreatic necrosis |
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Intraperitoneal calcifications?
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Arterial calcification
Appendicolith Mesenteric node Cholelithiasis Pancreatic calcification Porcelain GB Renal/ureteral calculi Old hematoma, abscess Uterine leiomyoma Fetal skeletal parts Pelvic phlebolith Teratoma Liver: echinococcal cyst |
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Common GI manifestations of AIDS by cause?
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Infection:
-CMV -Candida -Herpes -Cryptococcus -MAI Tumor: -Kaposi -Lymphoma |
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Common GI manifestations of AIDS by organ system?
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Esophagus:
-Ulcers (Candida, CMV, herpes) -Sinus tracts (TB, actinomycosis) Proximal small bowel: -Ulcers (cryptococcosis) -Nodules (Kaposi, MAI) Distal small bowel: -Enteritis (TB, MAI, CMV) Colon: -Colitis (CMV, pseudomembranous colitis) -Typhlitis Bilieary: -Strictures (CMV, cryptococcosis) |
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Abdominal trauma:
Injuries in decreasing order of frequency? |
Liver laceration (most common)
Splenic laceration Renal trauma Bowel hematoma Pancreatic fracture Rare: -GB injury -Adrenal hemorrhage |
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Abdominal complications after cardiac surgery?
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GI hemorrhage
Cholecystitis Pancreatitis Perforated peptic ulcer Mesenteric ischemia Perforated diverticular disease |
