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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Congenital heart disease
Acyanotic heart disease Increased pulmonary vascularity? |
(Left to Right Shunt)
With LA enlargement: -VSD -PDA With normal LA: -ASD -ECD -PAPVC and sinus venous ASD |
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Congenital heart disease
Acyanotic heart disease Normal pulmonary vascularity? |
Aortic stenosis
Coarctation Pulmonic stenosis |
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Congenital heart disease
Cyanotic heart disease? |
Normal or decreased pulmonary vascularity:
-Normal Heart Size (Tetralogy of Fallot, Fallot variants) -Cardiomegaly RA enlargment (Ebstein's, Tricuspid atresia, Pulmonic atresia) |
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Congenital heart disease
Increased pulmonary vascularity? |
the "5Ts:"
Transposition of the great arteries Truncus arteriosis Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection Tricuspid atresia Tingle=single ventricle |
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Congenital heart disease
Pulmonary edema in newborns? |
Cardiac:
Edema + large heart = hypoplastic RV or LV Edema + normal heart = TAPVC below diaphragm Transient tachypnea of newborn Pulmonary lymphangiectasia Pulmonary vein atresia Cor triatriatum Suprvalvular mitral ring Parachute mitral valve |
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Congenital heart disease
Massive cardiomegaly in the newborn? |
Box-shaped right heart (RA enlarged):
Ebstein's Uhl's Tricuspid atresia Herniation of liver into pericardial sac Massive pericardial effusion |
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Congenital heart disease
Boot-shaped heart? |
Tetralogy of Fallot
Adults: -Loculated pleural effusion -Cardiac aneurysm -Pericardial cyst |
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Congenital heart disease with normal heart size and normal lungs?
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Coarctation
Tetralogy of Fallot |
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Congenital heart disease
Skeletal abnormalities and heart disease? |
Rib notching: coarctation
Hypersegmented manubrium, 11 paris of ribs: Down's Pectus excavatum: prolapsed MV, Marfan Multiple sternal ossification centers: cyanotic CHD Bulging sternum: large L to R shunt Scoliosis: Marfan, Tetralogy of Fallot |
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Congenital heart disease
Inferior rib notching? |
Aortic obstruction:
-Coarctation -Interruption of aortic arch Subclavian artery obstruction: -Blalock-Taussig shunt (upper 2 ribs) -Takayasu's (unilateral) Severely reduced pulmonary blood flow: -Tetralogy of Fallot -Pulmonary atresia -Ebstein's SVC obstruction Vascular shunts (AVM of intercostals) Intercostal neuroma Osseous abnormality (Hyperparathyroidism) |
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Congenital heart disease
Superior rib notching? |
Abnormal osteoclastic activity:
-Hyperparathyroidism -Idiopathic Abnormal osteoblastic activity: -Poliomyelitis -Collagen vascular disease -Local pressure -OI -Marfan |
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Differential diagnosis of congenital heart disease by age of presentation?
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0 to 2 days: hypoplastic left heart, aortic atresia, "5Ts"
7 to 14 days: coarctation, aortic stenosis, AVM, endocardial fibroelastosis Infants: VSD, PDA Adults: ASD |
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Right aortic arch and congenital heart disease?
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Truncus arteriosis
Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of great arteries Tricuspid atresia Pulmonary atresia with VSD Double outlet right ventricle Pseudotruncus Asplenia Pink tetralogy |
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Acquired heart disease
Approach? |
Pressure overload:
-Stenosis -HTN -Causes hypertrophy, normal heart size Volume overload: -Regurgitation -Shunt -Causes dilatation, large heart size Wall abnormalities |
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Acquired heart disease
Abnormal left heart contour? |
Pressure overload:
-Aortic or mitral stenosis -Systemic HTN -Coarctation Volume overload: -Mitral or aortic regurgitation -Shunts (ASD, VSD) -High-output states -End-stage heart failure Wall abnormalities: -Aneurysm, infarct -Cardiomyopathy |
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Acquired heart disease
Abnormal right heart contour? |
Pressure overload:
-PA HTN -Pulmonic stenosis Volume overload: -Pulmonic or tricuspid regurgitation -Shunts: ASD, VSD -High-output states Wall abnormalities: -Aneurysm, infarct -Cardiomyopathy -Uhl's anomaly |
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Acquired heart disease
Small heart? |
Normal variant (deep inspiration)
Addison's disease Anorexia/bulimia Dehydration Severe COPD |
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Acquired heart disease
Left atrial enlargement? |
Mitral regurgitation (LA and LV enlarged)
Mitral stenosis (LA enlarged, LV normal) Rheumatic heart disease A fib Papillary muscle rupture (MI) |
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Acquired heart disease
Cardiac masses? |
Thrombus
Lipoma Infectious vegetation Neoplasm: -Mets -Atrial myxoma -Rhabdomyoma -Pericardial cyst -Angiosarcoma |
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Acquired heart disease
T1 bright cardiac lesions? |
Benign:
-Thrombus -Lipoma -Myxoma -Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum Malignant (enhances): -Angiosarcoma |
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Acquired heart disease
Pericardial effusion? |
CHF
Acute MI Post-surgical Autoimmune Renal failure Viral infection Pericardial mets |
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Acquired heart disease
High-cardiac output states? |
Severe anemia
Peripheral AVM Liver hemangioma Thyrotoxicosis Pregnancy |
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Acquired heart disease
CHF? |
High output failure by age:
-Premature: PDA - 1st week: Hypoplastic left heart syndrom -2nd week: coarctation -Infant: VSD - Adult: ASD Increased heart size with normal vascularity: -Pericardial effusion -Cardiomyopathy -Valvular disease |
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Cardiovascular calcifications
Pericardial? |
Pericarditis
Pericardial cysts |
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Cardiovascular calcifications
Myocardial? |
Coronary arteries
Calcified infarct Aneurysm Postmyocarditis |
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Cardiovascular calcifications
Intracardiac? |
Calcified valves
Calcified thrombus Tumors |
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Cardiovascular calcifications
Aorta? |
Atherosclerosis
Syphilitic aortitis Aneurysm |
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Pneumopericardium?
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Iatrogenic (aspiration, puncture)
Cardiac surgery Barotrauma Fistula from bronchogenic or esophageal carcinoma |
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Coronary aneurysm?
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Atherosclerotic
Congenital Periarteritis nodosa Kawasaki disease Mycotic Syphilis Trauma |
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Pulmonary artery enlargement?
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Pulmonary artery HTN:
-Primary pulmonary artery HTN -Secondary pulmonary artery HTN -PA stenosis (Williams, Rubella, Takayasu's, CHD) -PA dilatation (post-stenotic jet, Osler-Weber-Rendu) -Aneurysm cystic medial stenosis (Behcet's, Takayasu's) |
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Pulmonary arterial HTN
Classification? |
Pre-capillary
Post-capillary |
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Pulmonary arterial HTN
Pre-capillary HTN? |
Left to right shunts
Chronic PE Vasculitis Drugs Idiopathic Emphysema Interstitial fibrosis Fibrothorax, chest wall deformities Alveolar hypoventilation |
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Pulmonary arterial HTN
Post-capillary HTN? |
LV failure
Mitral stenosis LA myxoma Idiopathic venocclusive disease Thrombus Tumor |
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Pulmonary venous HTN
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LV dysfunction:
-Ischemic heart disease -Valvular heart disease -CHD -Cardiomyopathy Left atrium: -Cor triatriatum -LA myxoma |
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Eisenmenger's physiology?
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VSD
ASD PDA Endocardial cushion defect |
