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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the path of food from beginning to end?
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Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
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What are the accessory components of the digestive system?
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Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
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What are the four categories of digestive activity?
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Motility, secretion, digestion, absorption
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What are the three components of the pharynx in order from top to bottom?
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Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
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What are the three main anatomical parts of the stomach?
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Fundus, body, antrum
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What are three main anatomical components of the small intestine in order?
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Duodenum, jéjunum, ileum
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What are the four main anatomical components of the large intestine in order?
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Caecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
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What are the main functions of the mouth for digestion?
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Mastication, preliminary carbohydrate digestion, swallowing
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What are the two main anatomical components of the palate (roof of mouth)?
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Hard palate, soft palate
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What are the characteristics of the soft palate?
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Keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium. Formed from palatine processes of maxillae and horizontal plates of palatine bones. Also serves as floor of nasal cavity.
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What are the characteristics of the hard palate?
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Keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium. Formed from palatine processes of maxillae and horizontal plates of palatine bones. Also serves as floor of nasal cavity.
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What are the characteristics of the soft palate?
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Posterior to hard palate. Projection is the uvula. Keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium.
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What are the characteristics of the pharynx?
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Lined with mucous membrane, three striated constructer muscles for swallowing.
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What are the characteristics of the nasopharynx?
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Behind nose, above soft palate. Joins oropharynx at pharyngeal isthmus. Houses pharyngeal tonsil in roof and posterior wall.
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What are the characteristics of the oropharynx?
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From nasopharynx to epiglottis. Contains palatine tonsils in lateral walls.
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What are the characteristics of the laryngopharynx?
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From epiglottis to lower border of cricoid cartilage.
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What are tonsils a component of (immune system)?
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Mucus-associated lymphoid tissue.
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What is Waldeyer's ring?
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Ring of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx. Contains pharyngeal tonsil, palantine tonsil, lingual tonsils, other lymphoid masses.
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What are the characteristics of the esophagus?
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Mucous membrane lined with thick muscles (skeletal and smooth).
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What in esophogus stops regurgitation?
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Lower esophageal sphincter.
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What are the four functions of the stomach?
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Hold food, mix food, empty chyme, protein digestion.
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What are the folds of the stomach called?
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Rugae.
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What are the two sphincters of the stomach from top to bottom?
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Cardiac sphincter and pyloric sphincter.
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What are the characteristics of the mucosa of the stomach?
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Thick, velvety, reddish-brown.
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What are the five main cells of the stomach?
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Chief (peptic), parietal (oxyntic), goblet, epithelial, G-cells.
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What is function of chief (peptic) cells?
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Secretes inactive pepsinogen in stomach.
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What is the function of parietal (oxyntic) cells?
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Secrete HCl to facilitate pepsin, secretes cyanocobalamin.
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What is the function of cyanocobalamin?
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Binds B12 for normal erythropoiesis.
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What is function of goblet cells in stomach?
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Secrete mucous to line and protect, and to lubricate.
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What is function of epithelial cells in stomach?
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Secrete bicarbonate to protect gastric lining from acid.
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What is function of G-cells in the stomach?
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Secrete gastrin
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How fast are stomach epithelial cells replaced and by what?
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2-4 days by multipotent stem cells.
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What are the main functions of the small intestine?
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Further digest food and absorb the component pieces. Also many secretions.
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What glands are found in the duodenum?
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Glands of Brunner with alkaline mucous secretion to protect gastric lining.
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What composes exterior intestinal villi?
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Epithelium (enterocytes) with goblet cells and microvilli that forms brush border.
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What are two functions of brush border?
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Absorption of digested molecules, hold digestive enzymes to break down larger molecules.
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What composes the interior of the intestinal villi?
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Arteriole supplying a capillary bed that empties into a venule, lacteal duct (lymphatic).
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What are the exocrine secretions of the small intestine?
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From crypts of Lieberkuhn, paneth cells secrete antimicrobial proteins and zinc. Not digestive enzymes are secreted from crypts of Lieberkuhn.
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What are the endocrine functions of the small intestine?
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Cholecystokinin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide.
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Where are the stem cells of the small intestine and why is this important?
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Epithelium constantly renewed, niche above Paneth cells that hold stem cells. 4-6 per crypt.
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What is the function of the large intestine?
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Absorb large amounts of fluid and electrolytes.
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What controls the passage from the ileum into the caecum?
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Ileocaecal valve (sphincter).
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What are the secretions of the large intestine?
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Alkaline mucous from goblet cells.
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