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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the key symptoms of TB
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Weight loss
Hemoptysis Night sweats |
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How do you differentiate between TB and PCP
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You can use LDH test
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TB of the spine
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Pott’s Disease
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Where is the MC site of TB lymphadenitis?
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Along the SCM muscle
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What is the most common cutaneous manifestation of tuberculosis
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Lupus vulgaris
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What is the lab test for TB?
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AFB smear
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How does Primary TB manifest?
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Ghon complex
left lower lobe infiltrate pleural effusion ipsilateral hilar lymphadenopathy |
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What is the empiric Tx of TB?
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Start pt’s on a 4 drug regimen:
INH Rifampin Pyrazinamide And either Ethambutol or Streptomycin Once the isolate is known to be fully susceptible, ethambutol (or streptomycin if used as the 4th drug) can be D/C’d After 2 months of therapy, pyrazinamide can be stopped INH plus rifampin are continued for 4 more months (6 months total) |
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what is the third most common cause of death in the US
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PE
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What is Virchow’s Triad?
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Venostasis
Hypercoagulability And vessel wall inflammation |
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What % of PEs are missed on diagnosis?
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70%
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What are the most common symptoms of PE according to the BIOPED study?
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dyspnea (73%)
pleuritic chest pain (66%) cough (37%) hemoptysis (13%) |
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What are the most common signs of PE according to the BIOPED study?
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Tachypnea (70%)
Rales (51%) Tachycardia (30%) Fourth heart sound (24%) |
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What criteria is used to diagnose PE?
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Wells criteria
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What is the definitive test to dx PE
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Pulmonary angiography
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What re the MC ECG abnormalities of PE
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Tachycardia
Nonspecific ST-T wave abnormalities Although not sensitive or specific |
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What is the Tx for PE
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Heparin then
Warfarin x 6 months Thrombolytics |
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MCC of transudative pleural effusion
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CHF
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MCC of exudative pleural effusion
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Pnuemonia
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what are the physical findings of pleural effusions?
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Decreased breath sounds
Dullness to percussion Decreased tactile fremitus Egophony (E-to-A change) Pleural friction rub |
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How many mL's of fluid are needed to show blunting of the costophrenic angle on upright PA CXR
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more than 175 mL
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What is pleurodesis?
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its the artificial obliteration of the pleural space. It is done to prevent recurrence of pneumothorax or pleural effusion.
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What is the recommended site for needle thoracostomy in the treatment of a pneumothorax?
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The second intercostal space in the midclavicular line on the affected side immediately superior to the rib
This procedure should be followed-up with placement of a chest tube over the fifth or sixth rib in the midaxillary line |
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What are the initial Xray findings with a PE
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Normal Xray
Later: Westermark sign Hampton's hump Elevated hemidiaphragm Small pleural effusion |
